A function in Typescript designed to take in two objects that possess identical keys

I am looking to define a function that takes two parameters, each being an object. These objects have the same keys, but the data types of the values under those keys should be different (yet the same within each object). I attempted to achieve this using Record types as shown below:

export const combineObjects = <
    K extends Record<string | number, unknown>,
    T1,
    T2
>(
    a: Record<keyof K, T1>,
    b: Record<keyof K, T2>
): Record<keyof K, T1 & T2> => {
    ...
}

The issue with my approach is that when I do not manually specify the types, T1 and T2 default to unknown regardless of the actual parameter type. Is there an alternative declaration method that allows Typescript to infer the types correctly?

Answer №1

It seems like the issue lies in the fact that your K type is associated with an object that is not directly utilized; there is no direct passing of a value of type K into the function combineObjects(). The compiler's process of inferring generic type parameters goes through multiple phases, eventually resorting to fallback types like unknown. While the specifics might be a bit fuzzy, essentially, the compiler tries to deduce the type K based on the input values for the arguments a and b, which it accomplishes. However, it defers processing T1 and

T2</code until after this step, possibly causing the issue.</p>
<p>To resolve this, consider focusing on types that are more directly used. Since only the <em>keys</em> of your <code>K
type matter, you can redefine K to represent just those keys:

declare const combineObjects: <K extends string | number, T1, T2>(
  a: Record<K, T1>,
  b: Record<K, T2>
) => Record<K, T1 & T2>


const r = combineObjects(
  { a: { x: 123 }, b: { x: 456 } }, 
  { a: { y: "foo" }, b: { y: "bar" } }
);
r.a.x.toFixed(); // works fine
r.b.y.toUpperCase(); // alrighty

This configuration looks good. If the previous solution didn't work, the next step would have involved aligning the generic type parameters precisely with the a and b parameters:

declare const combineObjects: <A extends object, B extends Record<keyof A, any>>(
  a: A,
  b: B
) => Record<keyof A, A[keyof A] & B[keyof A]>;

const r = combineObjects(
  { a: { x: 123 }, b: { x: 456 } }, 
  { a: { y: "foo" }, b: { y: "bar" } }
);
r.a.x.toFixed(); // all good
r.b.y.toUpperCase(); // perfectly fine

which also resolves the issue.

Here is the link to view the code in the TypeScript Playground

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