A TypeScript function that strictly checks for tuples without any union elements

Calling all TypeScript gurus!

I am currently developing a versatile TypeScript function that can handle two different types of arguments: Class A and B. A and B are completely independent and not related through inheritance. The challenge I am facing is preventing any ambiguous usage of the function when called with the union type A | B. Is there a way to define this in TypeScript without separating the function into multiple functions for each type?

class A {/* snip */}
class B {/* snip */}

let a: A = new A();
fn(a); // specific usage allowed

let b: B = new B();
fn(b); // specific usage allowed

let c: (A | B) = someCondition ? new A() : new B();
fn(c); // should result in TypeScript compilation error due to ambiguity.

Update: Thank you for your responses! Apologies for the confusion earlier, as the scenario provided was not entirely accurate. I actually require a function that can accept a collection of multiple arguments using a rest parameter, as shown below:

class A {/* snip */}
class B {/* snip */}

let a: A = new A();
let b: B = new B();
let c: (A | B) = someOtherCondition ? new A() : new B();

interface Fn {
    (...args: V[]) => void;
}

const fn: Fn = (...args) => {/* snip */};

fn(a); // single specific argument allowed
fn(b); // single specific argument allowed
fn(a, b, a, b); // multiple specific arguments still allowed
fn(c); // calling the function with an ambiguous argument should trigger a TypeScript compilation error.

Answer №1

X and Y appear to be structurally identical at the moment due to them being empty classes. Your actual classes likely have properties inside them, making them distinct. However, the current type system cannot distinguish between them.

In order to demonstrate the function discussed in your query, we must differentiate between them here as well.

class X {
  x!: string
}
class Y {
  y!: string
}

The recommended solution from your question is to use an overload method. You should remove the overload containing the union for optimal results.

interface Func {
    (arg: X): any;
    (arg: Y): any;
}

If you declare a function with this type and execute it, the following outcomes will occur:

let func: Func = () => {}

let x:X = new X();
func(x); // valid

let y:Y = new Y();
func(y); // valid

let z:(X|Y) = (true as boolean) ? new X() : new Y();
func(z); // No overload matches this call.

Playground


The recent modifications have added complexity to the scenario :/

Lets provide content to our classes once again.

class X {
  x!: number
}
class Y {
  y!: string
}

Now concerning the function itself:

type IsUnion<T, U extends T = T> = 
  T extends unknown ? [U] extends [T] ? {} : never : {};

type ValidateTuple<T extends any[]> = T & {
  [K in keyof T]: IsUnion<T[K]>
}

interface Func {
    <T extends any[]>(...args: ValidateTuple<[...T]>): void;
}

const func: Func = (...args) => {};

The function now needs a generic type T to store the type of ...args. Overloads are no longer sufficient in this situation.

We can iterate over the elements in tuple T to verify if each element is a union. If it turns out to be a union, we intersect it with never which leads to a compilation error.

func(x); // valid
func(y); // valid
func(x, y, x, y); // valid

func(z); // Error

Playground

Answer №2

It is not possible to accomplish that task.

JavaScript does not support function overloading, although TypeScript does provide this feature, the implementation ultimately results in a single function.

The type for the initial parameter will be X | Y. As a result, it is not feasible to permit only X or Y, without allowing X | Y.

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