A versatile method for transforming enums into arrays that can handle null values

Looking for a simpler way to create a TypeScript function that converts an enum to an array, including support for null values.

Here's an example of what I'm trying to achieve:

enum Color
{
    RED   = "Red",
    GREEN = "Green",
    BLUE  = "Blue"
}

let colors = convertEnumToArray(Color);
colors.push(null);

The expected type for colors is (Color | null)[].

I came across a function in this article that almost fits my needs:

type EnumObject = {[key: string]: number | string};
type EnumObjectEnum<E extends EnumObject> = E extends {[key: string]: infer ET | string} ? ET : never;

function convertEnumToArray<E extends EnumObject>(enumObject: E): Array<EnumObjectEnum<E> | null> {
    const elements = Object.values(enumObject)
        .filter(key => Number.isNaN(Number(key)))
        .map(key => enumObject[key] as (EnumObjectEnum<E> | null));
    elements.unshift(null);
    return elements;
}

But I'm wondering if there's a more straightforward approach available. Any suggestions?

Answer №1

Arrays in TypeScript are deemed to be covariant in terms of their element types (refer to Explaining Variance, Covariance, Contravariance and Bivariance in TypeScript and Reasons behind TypeScript arrays being covariant?). Therefore, if you possess an Array<X> for a certain type X, then you can directly utilize it as an Array<X | null>, given that the union type X | null is broader than X. So, if you have a function that delivers X[] and you wish for it to present (X | null)[], "all you need to do" is to specify the return type as (X | null)[]. The compiler will accept this approach.

Commencing with the function from the specified blog post, which we assume fulfills your requirements except for the presence of the null element:

function getEnumValues<E extends EnumObject>(
    enumObject: E
): EnumObjectEnum<E>[] {
    return Object.keys(enumObject)
        .filter(key => Number.isNaN(Number(key)))
        .map(key => enumObject[key] as EnumObjectEnum<E>);
}

the singular alteration required pertains to the annotated return type:

function getEnumValues<E extends EnumObject>(
    enumObject: E
): (EnumObjectEnum<E> | null)[] { // <-- adjustment here
    return Object.keys(enumObject)
        .filter(key => Number.isNaN(Number(key)))
        .map(key => enumObject[key] as EnumObjectEnum<E>);
}

Subsequently, your code will operate as intended:

enum Color {
    RED = "Red",
    GREEN = "Green",
    BLUE = "Blue"
}

let colors = getEnumValues(Color);
// let colors: (Color | null)[]
colors.push(null); // permissible

That concludes the process.

Once more, for any prospective readers, the assumption is solely that the initial function functions as desired; practically, that definition may yield peculiar outcomes if one has mixed numeric/string enums. The aim of this explanation is just to elucidate how you can effortlessly append | null to the appropriate position in a return type annotation, without advocating for any specific function for transforming an enum into an array of its values.

Playground hyperlink to code

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