Achieve flattening of types using recursion in TypeScript with the help of const

I am presenting the TypeScript code below:

type Item = {
    key: number;
    value: string;
    items?: readonly Item[];
}

const items = [
    { key: 1, value: 'foo', items: [{ key: 3, value: 'baz' }] },
    { key: 2, value: 'bar' }
] as const;

type MyItem = typeof items[number]; // how can this be flattened?

function getItemValue<K extends MyItem['key']>(key: K): Extract<MyItem, { key: K }>['value'];
function getItemValue(key: MyItem['key']) {
    return ''; // details of implementation are not necessary.
}

const x = getItemValue(1);
//    ^? const x: "foo"

const y = getItemValue(2);
//    ^? const x: "bar"

const z = getItemValue(3); // to make it work (it should return 'baz')
//    ^?

The purpose of the getItemValue function is to provide the value of the item with the specified key.
It should only allow valid keys and return the correct corresponding value type based on the items array.

I'm focused solely on the typings. The actual implementation of the function is irrelevant. It's working for the main items but not for the nested ones.

Is there a way to flatten the MyItem type?

Please visit the TypeScript Playground

Answer №1

To achieve this, create a custom recursive conditional type named ItemsToFlattenedUnion<T>. This type takes a readonly array of items as input and generates a union of all item types at every level in the tree structure. The implementation can be as follows:

type ItemsToFlattenedUnion<T> =
    T extends readonly Item[] ? { [I in keyof T]:
        T[I] | (
            T[I] extends { items: infer I } ? ItemsToFlattenedUnion<I> : never
        ) }[number] :
    never

This functionality essentially maps an input array of items to another array with types derived from ItemsToFlattenedUnion<> for each element. By indexing into this resulting type with number, you obtain a single union consisting of all elements.

You can test this on your collection of items using:<

type FlattenedUnion = ItemsToFlattenedUnion<typeof items>;
/* The output will provide a union of different key-value pairs encompassing various levels of the item structure */

Now, consider refining this approach by simplifying it with a utility object type that remaps keys:

type FlattenItems<T extends readonly Item[]> =
    { [U in ItemsToFlattenedUnion<T> as U["key"]]: U["value"] }

type ItemKeyValues = FlattenItems<typeof items>;
/* Output will be a simpler representation of key-value associations */

The distilled version allows for writing a cleaner call signature like so:

declare function getItemValue<K extends keyof ItemKeyValues>(
  key: K
): ItemKeyValues[K];

Test out this streamlined method:

const x = getItemValue(1);
//    ^? const x: "foo"
const y = getItemValue(2);
//    ^? const y: "bar"
const z = getItemValue(3); 
//    ^? const z: "baz"

Results display expected values—everything seems to work smoothly!

Access Playground link here

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