After introducing 5 guard properties, the intersection of unions in Typescript breaks down

In TypeScript, I am attempting to create a class where properties are only accessible if another property has been checked on the class. This needs to be done in a generic manner to facilitate reuse across multiple classes.

For instance,

class Test {
  FooEnabled: boolean = false;
  Foo() {

  }
}
const test = new Test();
//shouldn't be allowed, because we haven't checked FooEnabled
test.Foo();

//this should be allowed
if(test.FooEnabled) {
  test.Foo();
}

The resulting type should be:


type TTT = {
    other: string,
} & (
    {FooEnabled: false} | {FooEnabled: true, Foo(): void}
) & (
    {BarEnabled: false} | {BarEnabled: true, Bar(): void}
) & (
    {BazEnabled: false} | {BazEnabled: true, Baz(): void}
) & (
    {BayEnabled: false} | {BayEnabled: true, Bay(): void}
)

class Test {
    other = "hello world";
    FooEnabled: boolean = false;
    Foo = () => void 0;
    BarEnabled: boolean = false;
    Bar = () => void 0;
    BazEnabled: boolean = false;
    Baz = () => void 0;
    BayEnabled: boolean = false;
    Bay = () => void 0;
    BaxEnabled: boolean = false;
    Bax = () => void 0;
}
//errors when enabling the `Bax` guard
const value: TTT = new Test();

I have successfully implemented this concept for up to 4 different "enabled" properties. However, upon adding a fifth property, the implementation breaks. The issue seems unrelated to the actual contents of what is enabled or disabled, but rather the quantity of guards being utilized.

This is the code snippet that currently works (refer to the provided playground link for complete code):

(...)

Overall, the mechanism functions well until more than 5 properties are added to the "Support Factory." Surpassing this threshold triggers an error when trying to cast the class into the InstanceImplements type.

Consequently, the following line generates an error:

const TEST: InstanceImplements<Test, TestSupportFactory> = new Test();

It remains unclear why this limitation arises. My assumption is that it may be related to a typescript restriction concerning unions.

Answer №1

The issue lies in your reliance on the new enhanced union type checking feature introduced in microsoft/TypeScript#30779. By assigning a single class instance type to a discriminated union type, you are encountering a limitation where only up to 25 union members are supported.

In your scenario, if TestSupportFactory has 𝑛 properties, then

InstanceImplements<Test, TestSupportFactory>
will result in a union of 𝑛² members. Issues arise when 𝑛 exceeds 5.


Prior to TypeScript 3.5, such assignments were not permissible. Even simple statements like

const x: { v: true } | { v: false } = { v: Math.random() < 0.5 };

would trigger errors because relating a single object type with union-typed properties to a union of object types was impossible.

Now, the compiler tries to break down the single type (e.g., {v: boolean}) into a union for comparison purposes. This prevents errors and allows smoother validation.

However, automatically generating unions from single types can severely impact compiler performance. Each additional property with an 𝑛-member union type significantly inflates the resulting union's size. For example, having 10 boolean properties leads to 1,024 union members.

Any feature causing exponential workload for minor code changes is problematic. To avert this, microsoft/TypeScript#30779 enforces a cap of 25 union members:

If combinations exceed a set limit (currently 25), the comparison is deemed too complex, and 'source' is considered unrelated to 'target'.

This constraint may seem stringent, but increasing it might not be favored as it merely delays reaching the threshold. It's advisable to rework your code to avoid dynamically creating large discriminated unions or linking single object types to them directly. Various alternative strategies exist, although discussing them goes beyond the scope of this query.

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