Angular: Granting an external module access to a provider

One of the modules I imported provides a service with an optional dependency. Although it being optional didn't affect my application, as it just prevented any errors from occurring when not present. Here's an example:

import { FooModule } from './foo.module';
import { BarService } from './bar.service';

// other imports and logic omitted...

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FooModule.forRoot(options),
  ],
  providers: [
    BarService,
  ],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent],
})
export class AppModule { }

In the code snippet above, the FooModule includes a FooService that can be utilized in different parts of the app. The FooService has an optional dependency:

export interface IBarService {
  bar: (x: string) => string;
}

export const BarService = new InjectionToken<IBarService>('any compatible bar service provider');

@Injectable()
export class FooService {

  constructor(
    @Optional() @Inject(BarService) private barService?: IBarService,
  ) {
    console.log(barService)
  }
}

I have provided the optional dependency (BarService) in the initial code block. However, I noticed that it wasn't being passed to the FooService within the FooModule.

Both services share the same injection name: BarService.

Despite this, when running the app, the console shows the barService as null.

Answer №1

While crafting this question, I suddenly recollected the useExisting feature of a provider. It prompted me to import the token (under a different variable name) and then establish a provider.

import { FooModule, BarService as BarServiceForFoo } from './foo.module';
import { BarService } from './bar.service';

// other imports and logic omitted...

@NgModule({
  declarations: [
    AppComponent,
  ],
  imports: [
    BrowserModule,
    FooModule.forRoot(options),
  ],
  providers: [
    BarService,
    { provide: BarServiceForFoo, useExisting: BarService }
  ],
  bootstrap: [AppComponent],
})
export class AppModule { }

Answer №2

The commonality between them is the injection name: BarService

It may be misleading as the exact name of the InjectionToken doesn't hold significance beyond debugging purposes.

While they are distinct tokens with different characteristics, they align based on the developer's intent. The useExisting option can alleviate some issues but necessitates dependencies on parent and other modules which rely on BarService or implement it to also depend on the Foo module.

One potential approach is employing a string token, although this could potentially create loose coupling and introduce global namespace concerns (hence why token classes were introduced). However, in this particular scenario, it might be a suitable fit:

...
{ provide: 'vendorNamespace.BarService', useExisting: BarService }
...

...
constructor(
  @Optional() @Inject('appNamespace.BarService') private barService?: IBarService
) {}
...

Another strategy involves incorporating a common module that encompasses both the provider token and an interface, which in this case would be represented by an abstract class:

export abstract class BarService {
  abstract bar(x: string): string;
}

import { BarService as AbstractBarService } from 'common';
export class BarService implements AbstractBarService { ... }

import { BarService as AbstractBarService } from 'common';
import { BarService } from './bar.service';

...
{ provide: AbstractBarService, useClass: BarService }
...

This structure naturally enables injecting a provider with type annotation:

import { BarService } from 'common';

...
constructor(
  @Optional() private barService?: BarService
) {}
...

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