Array method involving variable type alterations

Is this a TypeScript bug or am I missing something? Variable type changes based on whether it's in an array method or not. This causes type issues and the only workaround I can think of is an additional typecast in a function call.

const fn = (arg: string) => {}

let variable: undefined | string

if(!variable) {
    variable = 'asd'
}

fn(variable); // Variable type is string

[].map(() => {
    fn(variable) // Variable type is string | undefined
})

Playground link

I expect the variable type to change to string once it's reassigned in an if statement. This result is present in the function scope but the variable type falls back to string | undefined in Array.prototype.map() method.

Answer №1

When it comes to TypeScript, the way type inference works can be influenced by control flow analysis. For more details on this topic, you can refer to this link.
If you initialize a variable with a union type like undefined | string, as demonstrated in the example above, and then use an if statement to narrow down the type, TypeScript will utilize that narrowed type within the confines of that particular control flow statement.
That's why, within the function scope, the variable is accurately inferred as a string.

However, when you access the variable within the map method, TypeScript faces limitations in performing the same level of control flow analysis as described in Bergi's comment.

The reason for this limitation is that it's within a callback, and TypeScript lacks visibility into when the callback gets executed.

As a result, it does not narrow down the type and retains the original union type of string | undefined.

I encountered a similar issue which I discussed here

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