Assigning different data types with matching keys - "Cannot assign type '...' to type 'never'."

I have a question regarding my application, where I am utilizing values that can either be static or functions returning those values.

For TypeScript, I have defined the static values along with their types in the following manner:

type Static = {
  key1: number;
  key2: string;
};

Subsequently, I created a type for the dynamic values by using keyof Static:

type DynamicValue<T> = () => T;
type Dynamic = {[key in keyof Static]: DynamicValue<Static[key]>;};

This approach should yield the same result as explicitly writing out the dynamic type like this:

type DynamicValue<T> = () => T;
type Dynamic = {
  key1: DynamicValue<number>;
  key2: DynamicValue<string>;
};

(Both methods resulted in the same error within the code snippet below)

Currently, I have a function designed to take dynamic values and convert them into static values. However, an issue arises during this process:

function dynamicToStatic(d: Dynamic): Static {
  const o: Static = {key1: 0, key2: ''};
  
  for (const [key, callback] of Object.entries(d))
    // The assignment on the left-hand side triggers an error:
    // "Type 'string | number' is not assignable to type 'never'."
    o[key as keyof Static] = callback();

  return o;
}

(There's also another version of the function intended to accept a Partial<Dynamic> as input and produce a Partial<Static>, which presents a similar error message: "Type 'string | number' is not assignable to type 'undefined'.")

The error seems unrelated to Object.keys, as even this modified version resulted in the same error:

function dynamicToStatic(d: Dynamic): Static {
  const o: Static = {key1: 1, key2: ''};
  
  const keys = ['key1', 'key2'] as Array<keyof Static>;
  for (const key of keys)
    o[key] = d[key]();

  return o;
}

To suppress the error, I could replace the problematic line with:

(o as any)[key as keyof Static] = callback();

However, TypeScript seems to imply that there is a potential issue, leaving me puzzled about what exactly might be wrong here.

So, why am I encountering this error in the provided code? What do the types 'undefined' / 'never' signify in the context of the error message?

(View full code in TypeScript Playground)

Answer №1

Considering that the variable o can hold either strings or numbers, it is crucial to ensure type safety in this particular scenario.

o[key as keyof Static] = callback();

The function callback must return a value that satisfies both string and number types to prevent potential errors from assigning a string to a number or vice versa. However, a type such as string & number is not feasible and leads to never, resulting in an error when trying to assign string | number to never.

Although the error highlights a possible issue with the assignment, we understand that it should be safe due to matching key and callback types. There are various strategies to resolve this.

One method involves casting to never, which may seem unconventional but effectively addresses the problem:

o[key as keyof Static] = callback() as never;

I prefer this approach for its simplicity, yet alternatives like using Object.defineProperty (or Reflect.defineProperty) also yield positive results:

Object.defineProperty(o, key, { value: callback() });

Another solution could entail creating a helper function for assignments:

function assign<T, K extends keyof T>(o: T, key: K, value: T[K]) {
  o[key] = value;
}

Subsequently, casting the key to keyof Static simplifies the process:

assign(o, key as keyof Static, callback());

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