Body not being checked for overloads

Is there a way for TypeScript to validate the function body against function overloads? Despite having multiple signatures, it seems that the function implementation is not being checked properly:

function a(input: string): string
function a(input: number): number
function a(input: string | number): string | number {
  if (typeof input === "string") return 42
  return "banana"
}

Could the issue be with my third signature? It appears that the catch-all signature is not considered in the resulting type, and I'm struggling to declare the function without running into an

Overload signature is not compatible with function implementation.
error.

typeof a = {
    (input: string): string;
    (input: number): number;
}

I might consider using the more explicit intersect type instead:

type C = ((input: number) => number) & ((input: string) => string)

However, I am unsure how to implement a function that satisfies this without resorting to overload syntax, which feels somewhat forced. I have explored this further in my question onOverloaded function type in typescript.

Edit: The initial example provided is a basic illustration. You can test it with the following:

const number: number = a(0)
console.log("number", typeof number, number)

This will output number string banana

const string: string = a("")
console.log("string", typeof string, string)

This will output string number 42

Edit 2: My query does not overlap with the discussion onOverloaded function type in typescript. I am specifically interested in typechecking the function's implementation across all overloads, while the other question focuses on creating a new function that matches a given overload type.

Answer №1

Is TypeScript completely bypassing function body checks with function overloads?

Indeed, TypeScript does not analyze the function body in relation to overload declarations.

Instead, it verifies that the implementation signature aligns with all overload declarations and ensures that the function body adheres to the implementation signature. It is important to note that the implementation signature is disregarded during overload resolution at the call site.

The primary objective was not enforcing strict adherence of the implementation to overloaded declarations, as suggested in this excerpt from the FAQ:

The reasoning behind this decision is that JavaScript lacks function overloading, thus developers handle parameter validation within functions. This means a function's implementation may be more inclusive than desired when called by external users.

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