Can parameters with identical union types in a function signature be streamlined to contain only the exact same subtypes using generic types?

// defining a type Combinable with string or number as possible values
type Combinable = string | number;

// function to check if parameter is a string
function isString(param: unknown): param is string {
  return typeof param === "string";
}

/**
 * Function add that expects parameters a and b to have the same subtype of Combinable,
 * such as both being strings or numbers, and returns the same subtype of a and b.
 */
function add<T extends Combinable>(a: T, b: T): T {
  if (isString(a)) {
    // Error message: Type 'string' is not assignable to type 'T'. 
    // The constraint allows 'string', but 'T' could be a different subtype of Combinable.

    // Why can't TS infer b must also be type "string" since a is narrowed down to "string"?
    
    // let ta = typeof a  // result: string & T === string
    // let tb = typeof b  // result: T     why isn't it inferred as string?
    return a + b;
  } else {
    // Same error occurs in this block when trying to add two numbers
    return (a as number) + (b as number); 
  }
}

let a: Combinable = "123"; // variable a assigned a string value
let b: Combinable = 123;   // variable b assigned a number value

// When calling the function add, I expect TS to infer that a and b should be the same subtype of Combinable
add(a, b);

My Questions:

  1. How can I resolve the assignment error?
  2. Why doesn't TS automatically infer that b should be type "string" after narrowing down a to "string"?
  3. Why can TS infer that a and b are the same subtype of Combinable when the function is called, but not within the function body?

I appreciate any insights or solutions you may have. Thank you.

Answer №1

To ensure the typescript compiler is properly functioning, you can implement the following approach:

type Mergable = string | number;

function merge<T extends Mergable>(x: T, y: T): T {
  return (x as number) + (y as number) as T;
}

let i: Mergable = "abc";
let j: Mergable = 456;
const mergedIJ = merge(i, j); // Argument of type 'number' cannot be assigned to a parameter of type 'string'.(2345)

let k: Mergable = 789;
let l: Mergable = "def";
const mergedKL = merge(k, l); // Argument of type 'string' cannot be assigned to a parameter of type 'number'.(2345)

let m: Mergable = 321;
let n: Mergable = 654;
const mergedMN = merge(m, n); // const mergedMN: number

let o: Mergable = "ghi";
let p: Mergable = "jkl";
const mergedOP = merge(o, p); // const mergedOP: string

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