Converting JSON to an Interface with Optional Properties in TypeScript

How can I design a unified interface to handle the following JSON object?

TYPE

{"transactionId: "<UUID>", "details": "<message event/action description>", "err": "<Optional, error description>", ...<additional log information>}

EXAMPLE INPUTS

2044-08-09T02:12:51.253Z - info - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e978","details":"Service is started"}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.255Z - info - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e821","details":"Service is started"}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.265Z - info - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e821","details":"Service is successfully finished"}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.254Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e978","details":"About to request the user information","userId": 10}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.254Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e978","details":"About to request user orders list","userId": 10}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.257Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e821","details":"About to request the user information","userId": 16}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.257Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e978","details":"User information is gathered","user":{"id":10,"name":"Alice"}}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.258Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e821","details":"About to request user orders list","userId":16}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.259Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e821","details":"User information is retrieved","user": {"id": 16, "name": "Michael"}}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.262Z - debug - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e821","details":"User information is retrieved","user":{"id":16,"orders":[{"id":472,"items":{"id":7,"price":7.12}}]}}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.264Z - warn - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e978","details":"Service finished with error","code":404,"err":"Cannot find user orders list"}
2021-08-09T02:12:51.259Z - error - {"transactionId":"9abc55b2-807b-4361-9dbe-aa88b1b2e978","details":"Cannot find user orders list","code": 404,"err":"Not found"}

Mandatory fields include Date, logLevel, transactionId, and details. The rest are optional.

I need help creating an interface to match the JSON object provided above. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

Thank you.

jsontypescriptinterface

Answer №1

It's time to bring jcalz's prediction to life haha Developing an interface in typescript is a breeze:

export interface Product {
   requiredField: number,
   optionalField?: string,
   ...
}

By using export, you allow access to the interface from other files through import statements. However, ensuring that optional items are always present poses a different challenge. In typescript, unless explicitly declared, optional items will not be assigned on an object. In our previous code, we utilized functions to address cases where all properties needed to be defined:

createProduct(inputValues?: any): Product {
     return {
          ...inputValues,
          optionalField: inputValues.optionalField ? inputValues.optionalField : undefined
     } as Product;
}

Though this method has drawbacks, as it essentially duplicates the property assignment for the new model. Additionally, if the "strict" flag is enabled in typescript and input values do not meet the interface requirements, an error will be thrown when utilizing the 'any' type. To mitigate this concern, you may opt to create a function that handles each property individually or separates them into "required" and "optional" objects before merging them within the function. However, without additional information, it is challenging to provide more specific guidance.

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