Crafting a versatile type guard in TypeScript - step by step guide!

Issue with Generic Type Guard

I'm facing a problem while trying to create a generic type guard for various Token types. The current implementation I have is as follows:

export function isToken<T extends Token>(token: any): token is T {
  for (const key in keyof T) { 
    if (!(key in token) || typeof token[key] !== typeof T[key]) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  return true;
}

However, TypeScript is throwing errors stating that:

  • in line (1):
    Cannot find name 'keyof'.ts(2304)
    - indicating an issue with the keyof keyword
  • in line (2):
    'T' only refers to a type, but is being used as a value here.ts(2693)

Any suggestions on how to resolve this?

Description of Tokens

The tokens represent different JWT payloads:

const type Token = {
  userId: string;
}

const type LoginToken extends Token = {
  role: 'User' | 'Admin'
}

const type EmailVerificationToken extends Token = {
  email: string;
}

Current Approach for Type Guard

While I've been successful in creating specific token verification functions, there still exists a separate type guard for each token type:

// Example of individual token type check function
// Seeking to consolidate these into a single generic type guard
export function isVerificationToken(token: any): token is VerificationToken {
  return typeof token.userId === 'string' && typeof token.email === 'string';
}

export function verifyVerificationToken(token: string) {
  return verifyToken<VerificationToken>(token, isVerificationToken);
}

function verifyToken<T>(token: string, tokenTypeCheck: (token: any) => token is T) {
  const decoded = jwt.verify(token, config.jwtSecret);
  if (tokenTypeCheck(decoded)) {
    return decoded;
  }
  return null;
}

Answer №1

The issue at hand is that once TypeScript is transpiled into JavaScript, it no longer exists at runtime. This means that performing runtime type evaluations, similar to what can be done in C# with Reflection, is not possible since JavaScript does not recognize types. Therefore, passing T as a generic parameter to a function and using it dynamically for comparing property types is not feasible. To make this scenario work, you would need to provide an object of the specified type to the function and then utilize it for evaluating member types.

Another complication arises from the use of keyof to obtain a list of keys in an object, which is contrary to its actual functionality. For more information on this behavior, refer to the TypeScript documentation. Given that types do not persist at runtime, keyof functions exclusively in a static context.

A potential workaround for your dilemma, although not as seamless as anticipated based on practices in languages like C#, involves passing an object of type T to the function. In place of keyof, utilize Object.keys to retrieve all the keys within the object.

export function isToken<T extends Token>(expected: T, token: any): token is T {
  for (const key in Object.keys(expected)) {
    if (!(key in token) || typeof token[key] !== typeof (expected as any)[key]) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  
  return true;
}

// Alternatively:

export function isToken<T extends Token>(expected: T, token: any): token is T { 
  return Object
    .keys(expected)
    .every((key) => key in token && typeof token[key] === typeof expected[key]);
}

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