Creating an array in TypeScript that supports multiple possible types, recursively, and enforces that all elements must be of the same type

I've been having difficulty creating a type that fits this specific data model:

Each node can be:
  - native type
    - string, number, boolean, null, undefined 
  - a list containing all the *same type* of nodes
  - a dictionary of any type of nodes

While it's easy to come up with a type like this:

type Native = string | number | boolean | null | undefined;
type List = Array<Native | List | Dictionary>;
type Dictionary = { [key: string]: Native | List | Dictionary };

type Node = Native | List | Dictionary;

This approach fails to ensure that all elements in an array are of the same type. Here are some examples I need to address:

const value: Node = ["foo", "bar"]    // Valid
const value: Node = ["foo", 1]        // Invalid, elements are Native types but not all the same type
const value: Node = []                // Valid, empty arrays should also be allowed
const value: Node = 4;                // Valid, Nodes can also be native values
const value: Node = {
  a: 1,
  b: "foo",
  c: [ [1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", "c"] ],
  d: {
    e: {},
  },
};                                    // Valid

If

c: [ [1, 2, 3], ["a", "b", 4] ],
is used instead in the last case above, then the entire declaration should be considered invalid.

How can I achieve this? Ideally, I would like to have the flexibility to change which native types are permitted by using a Native type union, as shown in the example.

Answer №1

Admittedly, this might not be the most optimal solution, but it was the closest workaround I could devise.

Instead of explicitly defining the Native type, define individual arrays that correspond to the expected types and derive the native type using the [number] syntax like so:

type AllowedArrays = string[] | number[] | boolean[] | null[] | undefined[];
type Native = AllowedArrays[number];
type List = List[] | Dictionary[] | AllowedArrays;
type Dictionary = { [key: string]: Native | List | Dictionary };

This approach maintains a centralized source of truth regarding allowed types. While there may be alternative methods, my current expertise limits me from exploring those possibilities.

I trust that this explanation can still provide some assistance.

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