Creating an overloaded callable interface using TypeScript

The thread on implementing a callable interface provides some helpful information, but it doesn't fully address my specific query.

interface lol {
    (a: number): (b: number) => string
    // (a: string): (b: string) => string  // overloaded will not work
}
let l: lol = function(a: number) {
  return (b: number) => {
    return (a + b).toString()
  }
}

This code snippet functions correctly, however uncommenting the overloaded function causes it to fail. I've experimented with different approaches and haven't yet discovered how to incorporate the overloaded version successfully.

An example of a somewhat intricate real-world implementation that I'm trying to comprehend can be found in fp-ts style interfaces. Despite the complexity of the types involved, it seems to represent an overloaded callable interface. How would one go about implementing such a concept concretely?

export interface Traverse1<T extends URIS> {
  <F extends URIS4>(F: Applicative4<F>): <A, S, R, E, B>(
    ta: Kind<T, A>,
    f: (a: A) => Kind4<F, S, R, E, B>
  ) => Kind4<F, S, R, E, Kind<T, B>>
  <F extends URIS3>(F: Applicative3<F>): <A, R, E, B>(
    ta: Kind<T, A>,
    f: (a: A) => Kind3<F, R, E, B>
  ) => Kind3<F, R, E, Kind<T, B>>
  <F extends URIS3, E>(F: Applicative3C<F, E>): <A, R, B>(
    ta: Kind<T, A>,
    f: (a: A) => Kind3<F, R, E, B>
  ) => Kind3<F, R, E, Kind<T, B>>
  <F extends URIS2>(F: Applicative2<F>): <A, E, B>(
    ta: Kind<T, A>,
    f: (a: A) => Kind2<F, E, B>
  ) => Kind2<F, E, Kind<T, B>>
  <F extends URIS2, E>(F: Applicative2C<F, E>): <A, B>(
    ta: Kind<T, A>,
    f: (a: A) => Kind2<F, E, B>
  ) => Kind2<F, E, Kind<T, B>>
  <F extends URIS>(F: Applicative1<F>): <A, B>(ta: Kind<T, A>, f: (a: A) => Kind<F, B>) => Kind<F, Kind<T, B>>
  <F>(F: Applicative<F>): <A, B>(ta: Kind<T, A>, f: (a: A) => HKT<F, B>) => HKT<F, Kind<T, B>>
}

Answer №1

Ensuring that the implementation declaration meets all the specified overloads in the interface is crucial. In your scenario, the final implementation may resemble this:

let l: lol = function <T extends number | string>(a: T): (b: T) => string {
    throw Error("not implemented");
}

Based on my own experience, achieving the correct implementation often involves extensive type-checking and casting.

Interactive Demo

Answer №2

Thanks to the informative explanation by @spender, I finally grasped the concept of the fp-ts style interface. The use of <F extends ...> check allows for resolving overloaded functions into a single concrete implementation, demonstrated in the example below.

interface haha {
    <T extends number>(a: T): (b: T) => string
    <T extends string>(a: T): (b: T) => string
}

let h: haha = function(a: number) {
    return (b: number) => {
        return (a + b).toString()
    }
}

By instantiating T as number, the overloading with <T extends string> is never resolved (or is that the correct term?).

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