Determine the generic type within a property to ensure accurate type checking, similar to how it is done in a function

Seeking to utilize type inference and checking in a generic property within the compiler. Here is an example:

type Args<T, O extends object> = {
    instance: O,
    key: { [K in keyof O]: T extends O[K] ? K : never }[keyof O]
};

class C<T> {
    public fn<O extends object>(args: Args<T, O>): void { }
}

The Args object contains a key k, where something of type

T</code can be assigned to <code>k
. This class usage looks like:

type Test = { a: string, b: number };
let test: Test = { a: "", b: 2 };
let c = new C<string>();

c.fn({ instance: test, key: "a" }); // works as expected
c.fn({ instance: test, key: "b" }); // error as expected

This allows for inferred type parameter O, checked type of key, and suggested options for key.

Wanting to use an Args object with C<T>.fn as a property in other classes without knowing the type of

O</code yet leads to type checking issues with <code>any
:

interface I<T> {
    args: Args<T, any>;
}

let i: I<string>;
i = { args: { instance: test, key: "b" } }; // no error

Attempting with a lambda instead:

interface I2<T> {
    args: <O extends object>() => Args<T, O>;
}

let i2: I2<string>;
i2 = { args: () => ({ instance: test, key: "a" }) }; // Type 'Test' is not assignable to type 'O'. ???
c.fn(i.args);

Puzzled by the type error.

How can types be ensured to infer and check for a property of an interface similar to a generic function?

Answer №1

Given that direct enforcement of type constraints is impossible, one practical solution is to utilize either a setter or a factory method to ensure the desired type restrictions. For instance:

type Item<X, Y> = {
    x: X,
    y: SomeSpecificTypeBasedOn<X>
};
class Builder<Y> {
    public createItem<X, Z extends SomeSpecificTypeBasedOn<X>>(x: X, z: Z): Item<Y, X>{
        return { x: x, y: z };
    }
}
let item: Item<string, any>;
item = new Builder<string>().createItem(...); // enforcing type correctness

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