Distinguishing Between TypeScript Interface Function Properties

Could anyone clarify why the assignment to InterfaceA constant is successful while the assignment to InterfaceB constant results in an error?

interface InterfaceA {
  doSomething (data: object): boolean;
}

interface InterfaceB {
  doSomething: (data: object) => boolean;
}

function doIt (data: { type: string; }): boolean {
    return true;
}

const A: InterfaceA = {
    doSomething: doIt
};
const B: InterfaceB = {
    doSomething: doIt
};

Check out this online demo for more context: Demo Link

Both interfaces seem similar, with just different notations. If this isn't a TypeScript bug and has a valid reason, let's move on to my next inquiry:

I want to specify that "doSomething" can be optional and can either be a function or a RegExp. How can I achieve this using the InterfaceA notation?

interface InterfaceB {
  doSomething?: ((data: object) => boolean) | RegExp;
}

Answer №1

1.) One key distinction to note is the difference between declaring a method and a function property:

interface InterfaceA {
  doSomething(data: object): boolean; // method declaration
}

interface InterfaceB {
  doSomething: (data: object) => boolean; // function as property declaration
}

2.) In its release of TypeScript 2.6, there is now a compiler flag that enhances the typing of functions for increased soundness, as discussed in this resource:

When using --strictFunctionTypes, parameter positions within function types are checked contravariantly rather than bivariantly. This more stringent checking applies to all function types, except those originating from method or constructor declarations.

This stricter approach generally leads to better type safety. For instance, in the given scenario with InterfaceB, the expectation is that "Any function capable of handling a generic object should suffice". However, when attempting to assign the function doIt, which specifically requires objects of type { type: string; }, an error rightfully occurs because the implementation demands a more precise input.

But why does this issue not arise with InterfaceA ?

In contrast, specific methods like doIt in InterfaceA are exempted from --strictFunctionTypes due to practical considerations. The developers made a deliberate choice to maintain flexibility with built-in methods such as those found in Array, striking a balance between accuracy and productivity.

To achieve stronger typing, consider adopting a type similar to the one below, tailored to suit your requirements (example):

interface InterfaceB {
  doSomething: ((data: { type: string; }) => boolean) | RegExp;
}

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