Enhancing JavaScript with TypeScript: implementing functional mixins

I'm in the process of creating functional mixins using TypeScript. Below is the code I have written so far:

const flying = (o: object) => {
  let isFlying = false;

  return Object.assign({}, o, {
    fly() {
      isFlying = true;
      return this;
    },
    isFlying: () => isFlying,
    land() {
      isFlying = false;
      return this;
    }
  });
};

const quacking = (quack: string) => (o: object) =>
  Object.assign({}, o, {
    quack: () => quack
  });

const createDuck = (quack: string) => flying(quacking(quack)({}));
const duck = createDuck('Quack!');
duck.isFlying(); // TypeScript approves! ✅
duck.quack(); // TypeScript says there is no `quack` method! 🚫

The issue I am facing is that TypeScript does not recognize that the duck can also quack. How can I make TypeScript understand the functionalities added by the previous mixins?

(I suspect the problem lies in o: object ... Perhaps it needs to deduce the type of the argument while ensuring it is an object for Object.assign to function correctly. Another approach could involve utilizing the spread operator

{ ...o, ...{ /* ... flying or quacking ... */ } }
.)

Answer №1

Implement TypeScript generics to define the type of your input parameter, rather than using just object.

When you use a plain object, TypeScript loses information about the original input type and only recognizes the methods that have been added. Introducing generics allows TypeScript to preserve the initial type and effectively merge it with any enhancements made.

const flying = <T extends {}>(o: T) => {
  let isFlying = false;

  return Object.assign({}, o, {
    fly() {
      isFlying = true;
      return this;
    },
    isFlying: () => isFlying,
    land() {
      isFlying = false;
      return this;
    }
  });
};

const quacking = <T extends {}>(quack: string) => (o: T) =>
  Object.assign({}, o, {
    quack: () => quack
  });

const createDuck = (quack: string) => flying(quacking(quack)({}));
const duck = createDuck('Quack!');
duck.isFlying(); // TypeScript approves! ✅
duck.quack(); // TypeScript approves! ✅

Playground Link.

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