Error in class constructor due to a Typescript typeguard issue

Within my `BigNumber` class, the constructor is designed to take an initializing argument that can be a string, number, or another `BigNumber`. Depending on the type of the argument provided, the constructor will initialize an instance of `BigNumber` using the appropriate strategy:

export class BigNumber
{
     private static isDecimal = /^(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(e[+-]?\d+)?$/i;

     public d : number[];
     public e : number;
     public s : number;

     constructor(v : string | number | BigNumber)
     {
         let e, i, t,
             x = this;

         if (v instanceof BigNumber)
         {
              // code for a BigNumber argument
              x.s = v.s;
              x.e = v.e;
              x.d = v.d.slice();
              return;
         }
         else if (typeof v === 'number')
         {
             // code for a number argument

             if (v === 0)
             {
                x.s = (1 / v < 0) ? -1 : 1;
                x.e = 0;
                x.d = [0];
                return;
             }

             // Other operations for numbers
         }
         else if(typeof v === 'string')
         {
             // code for a string argument
             if (v.charCodeAt(0) === 45)
             {
                 v = v.slice(1);
                 x.s = -1;
             }
             else
             {
                 x.s = 1;
             }

             // Other string operations
         }
         else
         {
             // throw error
         }
     }
}

The issue arises when TypeScript generates errors related to assignments or function calls like `slice()` within the string section. It seems that typeguards are not working as expected.

To resolve these errors, explicit casts can be added to each operation. However, I initially believed that the TypeScript compiler could infer the type within an `instanceOf` or `typeof` block. Where might I have made a mistake in this implementation?

Answer №1

The primary issue lies in continuously reassigning the value of the v parameter using v = v.slice(1);

By utilizing a different variable, you can resolve the tsc compiler error: let vv; vv = v.slice(1);

As outlined in the Type Guards specification, it is imperative to refrain from assigning any values to variables or parameters:

In the true branch statement of an 'if' statement, the type of a variable or parameter is narrowed by a type guard in the 'if' condition when true, provided no part of the 'if' statement contains assignments to the variable or parameter

.

Answer №2

If you have full confidence in the type (which you do because of the type checking), you can provide a clue to the TypeScript compiler using type assertion on the variables that need clarification:

...

else if( v === "number")
{
    // code specific to v being a number
    if ((<number>v) > 0)
    {
        processPositiveNumber(v);
    }
    else
    {
        processNegativeNumber(v);
    }

    // Additional operations
}

...

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