Error message "Undefined is not a constructor" can occur when using Ionic2 with Karma and Jasmine

I'm facing a challenge while trying to create tests for an Ionic2 App using Karma + Jasmine. I encountered a runtime error and, given my lack of experience, I'm having trouble pinpointing the actual issue.

Here is my setup:

test.ts

This file contains a simple class with a basic constructor and a dummy function:

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { NavController } from 'ionic-angular';

@Component({
  selector: 'page-testing',
  templateUrl: 'testing.html'
})

export class TestingPage {
  
  constructor(public navCtrl: NavController) {}
  
  isTrue(): boolean {
    return true;
  }
}

test.spec.ts

import { TestingPage } from "./test.ts"
import { NavController } from 'ionic-angular';

let navCtrl: NavController;
let test = new TestingPage(navCtrl);

describe('Dummy test:', () => {
  it("Should be defined", () => {
    expect(test.isTrue()).toBeTruthy(); 
  });
});

karma.conf.js

module.exports = function(config) {
  config.set({
    basePath: '',
    frameworks: ['jasmine', 'karma-typescript'],
    files: [
      //'./src/pages/testing/test.ts',
      './src/pages/testing/test.spec.ts'
    ],
    exclude: [
    ],

    preprocessors: {
      //'./src/pages/testing/test.ts': ['karma-typescript'],          
      './src/pages/testing/test.spec.ts': ['karma-typescript']
    },

    typescriptPreprocessor: {
      options: {
        sourceMap: false,
        target: 'ES5',
        module: 'amd',
        noImplicitAny: true,
        noResolve: true,
        removeComments: true,
        concatenateOutput: false
      },
      transformPath: function(path) {
        return path.replace(/\.ts$/, '.js');
      }
    },
    reporters: ['progress', 'karma-typescript'],
    port: 9876,  
    colors: true,   
    logLevel: config.LOG_DEBUG,   
    autoWatch: true,
    browsers: ['Chrome', 'PhantomJS'],
    singleRun: false,
    concurrency: Infinity
  })
}

Additional information that may be relevant...

Ionic version: 2.1.13
Karma version: 1.3.0
TypeScript: 2.0.6
jasmine-core: 2.4.1

When running karma start, the error message I receive is:

PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0) ERROR
  TypeError: undefined is not a constructor (evaluating 'new test_ts_1.TestingPage(navCtrl)')
  at src/pages/testing/test.spec.ts:5:0 <- src/pages/testing/test.spec.js:4


Chrome 54.0.2840 (Linux 0.0.0) ERROR
  Uncaught TypeError: test_ts_1.TestingPage is not a constructor
  at src/pages/testing/test.spec.ts:5:0 <- src/pages/testing/test.spec.js:4

I have tried including the test.ts in both karma files and preprocessors sections (commented out in the above karma.conf.js), but this changes the error to:

PhantomJS 2.1.1 (Linux 0.0.0) ERROR
  ReferenceError: Can't find variable: Map
  at /tmp/karma-typescript-bundle-2311r0Dc9vytYCw1.js:5007


Chrome 54.0.2840 (Linux 0.0.0) ERROR
  Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property '__symbol__' of undefined
  at /tmp/karma-typescript-bundle-2311r0Dc9vytYCw1.js:26028

which seems even less informative.

Additionally, after downgrading Jasmine from 2.5.X following advice from this question, the error still persists.

EDIT:

Simple tests like the one below work fine:

expect(2+2).toEqual(4);

without importing any class. Any suggestions on what might be missing or incorrect?

Answer №1

Successfully resolved the issue after identifying multiple errors in my configuration and code.

Following @misha130's suggestion, I realized the necessity of including a mock for navCtrl.

It became apparent that the order of file imports in karma.conf.js is crucial, along with integrating the mock class into both files and preprocessor properties.

Furthermore, as pointed out by @yurziu, it is important to refrain from adding '.ts' extension when importing a module. This will prevent karma from transpiling the file incorrectly.


In addition, I discovered the need to incorporate polyfills in order for the transpiler to correctly interpret all angular2 decorators (@Component, @ViewChild, etc). I utilized this example and included the polyfills in karma.conf.js.

files: [
    './src/polyfills.ts',
    './src/mocks.ts', //ensure this is imported before test.ts!
    './src/pages/testing/test.ts',
    './src/pages/testing/test.spec.ts'
],

preprocessors: {     
    './src/polyfills.ts': ['karma-typescript'],            
    './src/mocks.ts': ['karma-typescript'], //also preprocess this
    './src/pages/home/home.ts': ['karma-typescript'],      
    './src/pages/home/home.spec.ts': ['karma-typescript']
}

I hope this explanation proves beneficial to someone facing a similar challenge.

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