Exploring the concepts of type intersection in TypeScript

I attempted to create a type definition for recurrent intersection, in order to achieve this specific behavior:

type merged = Merged<[{a: string}, {b: string}, ...]>

to end up with

{a: string} & {b: string} & ...

I came up with some type utilities like Head and Tail to work with a variable number of input types and successfully implemented recurrent union, but struggled when it came to achieving the same for intersection :(

type Head<T extends any[]> = T[0]
type Tail<T extends any[]> =
((...args: T) => any) extends ((_arg0: any, ...rest: infer R) => any) ? R : never

type United<T extends any[]> = {
  0: Head<T>
  1: United<Tail<T>>
}[ T extends ([] | [any])
  ? 0
  : 0 | 1
]

type Merged<T extends any[]> = {
  0: Head<T>
  1: Merged<Tail<T>>
}[T extends ([] | [any])
  ? 0
  : 0 & 1
]

type a = {a: string}
type b = {b: string}
type c = {c: string}

type head = Head<[a, b, c, d]>       // {a: string} OK
type tail = Tail<[a, b, c, d]>       // [b, c]      OK
type united = United<[a, b, c, d]>   // a | b | c   OK
type merged = Merged<[a, b, c, d]>   // unknown     Not good

It seems like I may be missing some fundamental TypeScript concepts, as I can't figure out why it succeeded with union but not with intersection?

Any suggestions on how I could potentially resolve this issue?

Answer №1

Avoid trying recursive operations in this context, especially since recursive indexing is not permitted.

Furthermore, intersections of key types typically result in a collapse to something resembling never, unknown, or another undesirable output. In other words, indexed access may not necessarily distribute across intersections:

type OOPS = { a: a, b: b }["a" & "b"] // never! not a & b

Instead, consider using the approach suggested here for converting a union into an intersection:

type Merged<A extends readonly any[]> =
    A[number] extends infer U ?
    (U extends any ? (k: U) => void : never) extends ((k: infer I) => void) ?
    I : never : never;


type a = { a: string }
type b = { b: string }
type c = { c: string }
type d = { d: string }
type merged = Merged<[a, b, c, d]>   // a & b & c & d

This solution should be suitable for your needs. Best of luck!

Link to code

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