Exploring the Relationship Between the ngOnInit and ionViewWillLoad Lifecycle Hooks

After a few months of utilizing Ionic Framework (ionic-angular 3.9.2 latest) for developing Progressive Web Apps, I find myself pondering the distinction between ngOnInit and ionViewWillLoad.

If my understanding serves me right, ngOnInit is an Angular lifecycle hook responsible for initializing directives and components. (Setting input properties of the directive/component.)

ionViewWillLoad, on the other hand, is an Ionic navigation lifecycle event, which appears to run before the ionViewDidLoad event that signifies everything has been loaded. Interestingly, it seems that the ionViewWillLoad event has not been added to NavController, as indicated by the lack of documentation update.

As per my knowledge, the constructor is invoked by the JavaScript engine and should be steered away from complex initializations. (details: why you should avoid complex constructor logic)

Hence, I opted to utilize ionViewWillLoad to configure the component after Ionic sets the input properties.

Interestingly, ionViewWillLoad was the only event that functioned smoothly without any errors.

export class UsernamePage {
  usernameControl: FormControl;

  constructor(private userService: UserServiceProvider){ }

  // No errors
  ionViewWillLoad() { this.createUsernameForm(); }

  // Errors
  ionViewWillEnter() { this.createUsernameForm(); }
  ionViewDidEnter() { this.createUsernameForm(); }
  ionViewDidLoad() { this.createUsernameForm(); }

  createUsernameForm() {
    this.usernameControl = new FormControl('',
    {
      validators: [Validators.required, Validators.minLength(4)],
      asyncValidators: CustomValidator.username(this.userService)
    });
  }
}

Should I continue using ionViewWillLoad? Or would it be more beneficial to implement the OnInit interface? What sets them apart?

Answer №1

Just a heads up: In Ionic V3, I tend to use the terms "hooks" and "events" interchangeably when talking about the lifecycle methods.

After some investigation, it appears that ionViewWillLoad is not included in the latest version of Ionic V3's lifecycle hooks. If there are other errors you're encountering with different lifecycle events, I'd love to hear more specifics. But for now, let's delve into a couple of fundamental questions:

1) What sets Angular's ngOnInit apart from Ionic's ionViewDidLoad? Is there a clear advantage to using one over the other?

Interestingly enough, Angular's ngOnInit and ngOnDestroy hooks display similarities to Ionic's ionViewDidLoad and ionViewWillUnload events (respectively). These get triggered only when a page is created or removed, which may not occur as frequently due to Ionic's page caching for improved mobile performance.

In child/sub components within V3, Angular's lifecycle hooks are your sole option. For page-level components in V3 (i.e., components managed by a NavController), you can opt to use either set of hooks interchangeably. However, it's advisable to stick with one or the other, not both, for consistency. Notably, Ionic V4 simplifies this decision by removing ionViewDidLoad and ionViewWillUnload.

2) How do Angular's ngOnInit and Ionic's ionViewWillEnter compare? Is one preferable over the other?

It's important to note that these comparisons primarily relate to page-level components since Ionic Lifecycle Events are exclusive to such components (as outlined in the V3 documentation). Subcomponents won't interact with Ionic Lifecycle Events because they aren’t controlled by the NavController, potentially explaining any error messages you've encountered.

The key distinction between these two events lies in their firing sequence and frequency. Upon a page-level component's creation, ngOnInit executes before ionViewWillEnter. Nonetheless, pages might not necessarily be destroyed unless removed from the navigation stack, as per the V3 documentation.

By default, pages remain cached in the DOM when navigated away from but kept in the navigation stack (e.g., the exiting page during a push()). They are disposed of upon being removed from the navigation stack (via pop() or setRoot()).

Neither event holds absolute superiority over the other. Implementing both is feasible, though bear in mind that ngOnInit may not trigger as consistently or regularly as expected; whereas, ionViewWillEnter activates whenever the page transitions to become the active one.

About Ionic V4 (Angular)

Lifecycle events adopt a simpler structure in V4. We observe fewer Ionic lifecycle events, devoid of overlap with Angular equivalents like in V3. Detailed explanations and practical guidance on utilizing Angular and Ionic lifecycle aspects are available in the docs.

The core insights parallel those applicable to V3.

Pages exclusively exit the DOM when "popped," such as via the UI back button or browser's back command.

This distinctive handling implies that ngOnInit and ngOnDestroy might not fire at anticipated instances.

ngOnInit triggers solely upon fresh page creation, not upon revisitation. For instance, navigating across tabbed interfaces will invoke each page's ngOnInit only once, excluding subsequent visits. ngOnDestroy materializes strictly upon page "pop" actions.

Answer №2

When working with Ionic 3, it is recommended to utilize the following methods:


ionViewWillEnter () {
    console.log('This function is executed every time the view is entered');
}

This method should be used for tasks that need to be performed each time, such as accessing updated data or updating a table.


ionViewDidLoad () {
    console.log('This function is not called when entering a cached view');
}

ionViewDidLoad() is suitable for initialization tasks that do not need to be repeated each time, as it is not triggered when entering a view that is already cached.

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