Exploring TypeScript Decorators and the Intricacies of Circular Dependencies

Take a look at this code snippet that involves inter-dependent code using decorators.

Let's walk through the workflow where the actual classes are passed for later use:

  1. The application imports and executes Parent.ts
  2. @Test(Child) triggers the import of Child.ts while applying the decorator
  3. Keep in mind: the class Parent has not been reached yet in the code
  4. In Child.ts, the @Test(Parent) decorator is invoked
  5. At this stage, Parent is undefined and cannot be passed to the decorator

It's clear that there is a problematic circular dependency here, especially when trying to apply decorators that reference each other with classes as arguments.

Just to clarify, I used @Test as a placeholder for the actual decorators @HasMany and @BelongsTo - these are real scenarios I'm dealing with.

Now, here's my question: "Is there a solution to this dilemma?"

I'm apprehensive that there may not be a straightforward solution unless TypeScript's compiled code is altered to delay the decoration process until all related code has been imported.

Check out this code snippet:

Decorators.ts:

    export function Test(passedClass: Function): Function {
        return function (model: Function): void {
            console.log(typeof passedClass);
        };
    }

Parent.ts:

    import {Child} from "./Child";
    import {Test} from "./Decorators";

    @Test(Child)
    export class Parent {

    }

Child.ts:

    import {Parent} from "./Parent";
    import {Test} from "./Decorators";

    @Test(Parent)
    export class Child {

    }

Answer №1

Encountered a similar issue today. My solution took a different approach, where I replaced @Test(Parent) with @Test(() => Parent).

Instead of storing information about the class constructor (Parent) in metadata, I kept a reference to the function that returns the constructor (() => Parent). This allows the delayed execution of the imported variable Parent until the function is called, which ultimately solved the problem.

Answer №2

To overcome circular dependency limitations, consider postponing actions within the decorator. Based on the names of your decorators - @HasMany and @BelongsTo - it seems like you are adding metadata to each class for future use. Here is a suggestion:

  1. Enhance the signature of your @Test decorator

export function Test(passedClass: Function | string)

In this scenario, the decorator could store metadata in a static dictionary, like the example below:

{
    hasMany: {new(): any} | string
    belongsTo: {new(): any} | string
}
  1. Within the decorator, create a new properties object with hasMany/belongsTo properties set to passedClass. If passedClass is not a string, review all existing properties and replace any hasMany/belongsTo properties that are strings and match the current passedClass.name

  2. Eliminate the reference to Child from Parent.

This implementation may be basic, and you could opt for private fields to conceal intermediate string data and avoid exposing union type fields.

Hopefully, this advice proves useful to you.

Answer №3

Have you thought about approaching this problem with a different code structure?
If both Child and Parent are located in the same file, it should work smoothly.

While it may seem more convenient to separate code into modules for organization and clarity, there is a way to address this.
You could create a main file with base classes, potentially abstract:

// Base.ts
import {Test} from "./Decorators";

@Test(BaseChild)
export abstract class BaseParent {}

@Test(BaseParent)
export abstract class BaseChild {}

Then, in your specific modules:

// Parent.ts
import {BaseParent} from "./Base";

export class Parent extends BaseParent {}

And

// Child.ts
import {BaseChild} from "./Base";

export class Child extends BaseChild {}

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