"Exploring TypeScript's capabilities: Unraveling the depths of nested JSON

Encountering a TypeScript error with the code block below:

Element implicitly has an 'any' type because expression of type 'string' can't be used to index type '{ id: string; path: string; basename: string; createdOn: string; modifiedOn: string; content: string; }'.

Square brackets function well in JavaScript (or using //@ts-ignore).

What is the correct approach in TypeScript?

export interface Data {
  [key: string]: {
    id: string
    path: string
    basename: string
    createdOn: string
    modifiedOn: string
    content: string
  }
}

const data = _data as Data // _data represents JSON

for (let item in data) {
  for (let property in data[item]) {
    console.log(property)
    if (["createdOn", "modifiedOn"].includes(property)) {
      data[item][property] = new Date(data[item][property])
    }
  }
}

Shown below is the JSON structure of _data.

{
  "readme": {
    "id": "3905d7917f2b3429490b01cfb60d8f5b",
    "path": "README.md",
    "basename": "README.md",
    "createdOn": "2020-02-26T12:29:26.181Z",
    "modifiedOn": "2020-02-26T12:29:26.181Z",
    "content": "<!--\nTitle: Privacy guides\nDescription: Privacy guides will be published shortly...\n-->\n\n# Privacy guides\n\nPrivacy guides will be published shortly...\n"
  },
  ...
}

Answer №1

There are two main reasons for this:

  1. property is defined as a string type, rather than being specified as a key within the nested object
  2. The statement
    data[item][property] = new Date(...)
    will result in an error because the nested object only accepts strings as values

Instead of relying on .includes() or .indexOf() to determine the correct type, you can create a function that acts as a type guard to ensure the accurate keys are returned from a union type:

function hasPossibleDateAsValue(value: string): value is 'createdOn' | 'modifiedOn' {
  return ["createdOn", "modifiedOn"].includes(value);
}

With the use of this function, TypeScript will not trigger any errors or warnings when implementing the following code:

for (let item in data) {
  for (let property in data[item]) {
    if (hasPossibleDateAsValue(property)) {
      data[item][property] = new Date(data[item][property]);
    }
  }
}

You can view a proof-of-concept demonstration using TypeScript Playground here.

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