Having trouble resolving parameters? Facing an Angular dependency injection problem while exporting shared services?

Seeking to streamline the process of importing services into Angular 4 components, I devised a solution like this:

import * as UtilityService from '../../services/utility.service';

As opposed to individually importing each service like so:

import { AppStateService, InternalStateType } from '../services/appstate.service';
import { Logging } from '../services/utility.service';
import { AuthenticationService } from '../services/authentication.service';
import { DataService } from '../services/data.service';
import { Utils } from '../services/utility.service';
import { RouteProtectionService } from '../services/route-protection.service';
import { UrlManagementService } from '../services/url-managing.service';

This enables me to access all classes from any component by referring to UtilityService.Classname, such as UtilityService.AppState, UtilityService.Authentication, etc.

 constructor(
  public appState: UtilityService.AppState,
  public utilities: UtilityService.Utils,
  public dataService: UtilityService.Data,
  private appInsightsService: UtilityService.AppInsights,
  private titleService: UtilityService.Titles) {
 }

Within utility.service.ts, I organize it as follows:

export { AppState, InternalStateType } from './appstate.service';
export { Authentication } from './authentication.service';
export { Data } from './data.service';
export { RouteProtection } from './route-protection.service';
export { UrlManagement } from './url-managing.service';
export { AppInsightsService } from '@markpieszak/ng-application-insights';
export { Title } from '@angular/platform-browser';

While it compiles without error in TypeScript, when running the application, Angular raises the following complaint:

Error: Can't resolve all parameters for Authentication: ([object Object], [object Object], ?, ?, ?).

I have already defined providers for each class in the AppModule, and they work when imported individually. So why am I encountering issues when attempting to import a group of classes using a barrel?

Answer №1

Typically, this error occurs due to a Circular Dependency. It can be challenging to pinpoint the specific services causing the issue without having access to all of the source code.

One approach is to add services individually to the constructor and determine which one is triggering the error.

If you are unable to identify the problem or require a circular dependency, you can manually resolve the dependency as shown below:

import { Injector } from '@angular/core';
constructor(private injector: Injector) {
    this.myService = this.injector.get(MyService);
  }

Alternatively:

import { ReflectiveInjector } from '@angular/core';
constructor() {

       var injector= ReflectiveInjector.resolveAndCreate([MyService]);
       let myservice=injector.get(MyService);
     }

For more information on these injectors and choosing between them, refer to the link provided below:

Difference between Reflective Injector and Injector in Angular

Answer №2

When you access the developer console in your web browser, you might encounter an error similar to this one:

(SystemJS) Encountered undefined provider! This usually indicates circular dependencies, which could be triggered by using 'barrel' index.ts files.

According to the Angular glossary, re-exporting modules in this way is referred to as a 'barrel`.

This method consolidates exports from various ES2015 modules into a single, user-friendly ES2015 module.

The use of a 'barrel' can lead to circular dependencies, unfortunately.

To resolve this issue: eliminate the circular dependencies, as stated in the related GitHub issue here.

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