How can you deduce a class generic type in TypeScript based on a method's parameter?

Trying to set a generic class type from a method argument that will be called later presents a complex and challenging functionality. Unsure if TypeScript has the capability to handle this scenario...

The desired behavior is as follows:

class Class<T> {
    foo = (bar: T[]) => {
        /* ... */
        return this;
    };

    baz = (cb: (qux: T) => void) => {
        /* ... */
        return this;
    };
}

new Class() // Initial T is unknown
    .foo([{ name: "John", id: "123" }]) // Inferred type of T is { name: string, id: string }
    .baz((person) => null) // Type of person is { name: string, id: string }

Upon instantiation of the Class, T should remain unknown until an object array is passed to foo, which then infers the type of T. This inferred type is carried forward when passing a function to baz where qux is automatically typed accordingly.

No need to manually specify a generic to the Class during instantiation as it should be inferred later on.

Thank you for your insights!

Answer №1

It seems like writing out the question ended up functioning as a form of rubber duck debugging for me! Just a few minutes after posting, I stumbled upon this solution. Admittedly, it's not the most elegant, so I've decided to keep the discussion open for now in case a better approach presents itself:

class Class<T> {
    foo = <U extends T>(bar: U[]) => {
        /* ... */
        return (this as unknown) as Class<U>; // not exactly pretty
    };

    baz = <U extends T>(cb: (qux: U) => void) => {
        /* ... */
        return (this as unknown) as Class<U>; // could be improved
    };
}

new Class() // In this instance, T is unknown, as expected
    .foo([{ name: "John", id: "123" }]) // Here, T changes to U ({name: string, id: string})
    .baz((person) => null); // Resulting in person being typed {name: string, id: string} - Success!

// Surprisingly, this also functions correctly!
new Class() // Once again, T is unidentifiable, as intended
    .baz((person: { name: string; id: string }) => null) // This time, T shifts to U ({name: string, id: string})
    .foo([{ name: "John", id: "123" }]); // Now, bar is typed { name: string, id: string }[] - Double victory!

By introducing an additional generic type that extends the class' original generic type in the method declarations, we can safely and accurately assign this to a newly typed Class<U>, providing an actual type instead of resorting to unknown.

The key issue here lies in the fact that this method solely works when returning this while simultaneously typing it with a new type Class<U>. Consequently, passing an object to a function that does not return this would not alter its generic type...

class Class<T> {
    public data: T;

    quux = <U extends T>(quuz: U) => {
        this.data = quuz;
        /* ... void */
    };
}

const c = new Class();
c.quux({ name: "John", id: "123" });
c.data // remains unknown

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