How come my parameter is automatically considered to be one type, even though it is actually a different type?

Why is it necessary to modify the type definition from material: Material | Material[]; to material: Material; in order to resolve the error specified below? Despite explicitly setting the material parameter to Material, TypeScript seems to be assuming that it is of type Material[]. What could be causing this discrepancy?

Error Encountered in Typescript/ThreeJS:

this.obj3D.traverse((child) => {
    if (child instanceof THREE.Mesh) {
        // Error occurs at the line below:
        // Property 'shading' does not exist on type 'Material | Material[]
        child.material.shading = THREE.SmoothShading;
        child.material.side = THREE.DoubleSide;
        child.scale.set(this.scale, this.scale, this.scale);
        child.castShadow = this.castShadow;
        child.receiveShadow = true;
        child.material.needsUpdate = true;
    }
});

Definition in ThreeJS:

export class Mesh extends Object3D {
    constructor(geometry?: Geometry, material?: Material | Material[]);
    constructor(geometry?: BufferGeometry, material?: Material | Material[]);

    geometry: Geometry | BufferGeometry;
    material: Material | Material[]; // Modification made by removing *| Material[]* here
    drawMode: TrianglesDrawModes;

    setDrawMode(drawMode: TrianglesDrawModes): void;
    updateMorphTargets(): void;
    getMorphTargetIndexByName(name: string): number;
    raycast(raycaster: Raycaster, intersects: any): void;
}

Answer №1

Based on the screenshots provided, it seems that the material property of a Mesh object can either be a single Material object or an array of Material objects. TypeScript is warning you about assuming child.material is always a single Material object without verifying its type.

If there's a chance that some Mesh objects in your code may have arrays of Material objects, modifying the type definition in the library could lead to runtime errors when setting properties like shading for an array.

A better approach would be to check if child.material is an array before performing any actions:

const doStuffToMaterial = function(m: Material):void {
    m.shading = THREE.SmoothShading; 
    m.side = THREE.DoubleSide;
}
// Check for an array
if (Array.isArray(child.material)) {
    child.material.forEach(doStuffToMaterial);
} else {
    doStuffToMaterial(child.material);
}

Alternatively, if you're certain that child.material is not an array, you can use a type assertion:

// Assert that it's not an array
const m = child.material as Material; 
m.shading = THREE.SmoothShading; 
m.side = THREE.DoubleSide;

Choose the appropriate solution based on your knowledge of the data structure. Good luck!

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