How to determine the type of an abstract method's implementation in a concrete class using TypeScript

I possess a collection of functions mapped with various signatures

const allMyFunctions = {
  f1: () => Promise.resolve(1),
  f2: (a: number) => a
}; 

Furthermore, I have an abstract class that performs operations on these functions:

abstract class MyClass {
  protected abstract decorateMethod(...args: any[]): any;

  decorateAll() {
    return Object.keys(allMyFunctions)
      .reduce((acc, key) => {
        const f = allMyFunctions[key as keyof typeof allMyFunctions];

        acc[key as keyof typeof allMyFunctions] = this.decorateMethod(f);

        return acc;
      },{} as {[index in keyof typeof allMyFunctions]: ReturnType<MyClass['decorateMethod']>});
  }
}

Hence, by invoking decorateAll, a fresh map is generated with identical keys, but each function undergoes decorateMethod, which is abstract.

I am now able to instantiate two concrete classes like so:

class MyConstantClass extends MyClass {
  protected decorateMethod(f: AnyFunction) {
    return () => 2;
  }
}

class MyIdentityClass extends MyClass {
  protected decorateMethod<F extends AnyFunction>(f: F) {
    return f;
  }
}

const instance1 = new MyConstantClass();
const a = instance1.decorateAll().f1;

const instance2 = new MyIdentityClass();
const b = instance2.decorateAll().f2;

Unfortunately, the types of a and b are currently any, when ideally they should be () => number and (a:number) => number.

It appears that by duplicating the logic from decorateAll implementation in child classes and updating the final line cast to

ReturnType<MyIdentity['decorateMethod']>
, the issue can be resolved. However, this leads to redundant code repetition, which I aim to avoid through the utilization of the abstract class initially.

TS Playground

Edit: Include playground link

Answer №1

To access the current type of the class, you can utilize polymorphic this. This feature allows you to write code in a way that suits your needs.

const allMyFunctions = {
  f1: () => Promise.resolve(1),
  f2: (a: number) => a
};

type AnyFunction = typeof allMyFunctions[keyof typeof allMyFunctions];

abstract class MyClass {
  abstract decorateMethod(...args: any[]): any;

  decorateAll() {
      return Object.keys(allMyFunctions)
          .reduce((acc, key) => {
              const f = allMyFunctions[key as keyof typeof allMyFunctions];

              acc[key as keyof typeof allMyFunctions] = this.decorateMethod(f);

              return acc;
          }, {} as {
              [index in keyof typeof allMyFunctions]: ReturnType<this['decorateMethod']>
          });
  }
}

class MyConstantClass extends MyClass {
  decorateMethod(f: AnyFunction) {
      return () => 2;
  }
}

class MyIdentityClass extends MyClass {
  decorateMethod<F extends AnyFunction>(f: F) {
      return f;
  }
}


const instance1 = new MyConstantClass();
const a = instance1.decorateAll().f1; //  () => number

const instance2 = new MyIdentityClass();
const b = instance2.decorateAll().f2; //  This outcome may not align with your expectations: (() => Promise<number>) | ((a: number) => number)

MyConstantClass functions as intended, providing a consistent output of () => number for all functions. However, MyIdentityClass returns a union of function types due to the lack of type information regarding its return value from decorateMethod. As a result, the method accepts a union input and produces a union output, leading to mixed types in the result.

Answer №2

Revamp your abstract class by making it generic with a <T> type, and adjust the output of decorateMethod to be T (or ()=>T) instead of any. Subsequently, have the two concrete classes extend for example MyClass<number> (or MyClass<()=>number>). This approach will address at least one of the issues.

Regarding the second scenario where your decorateMethod accepts F and returns F, it appears to pose significant challenges - potentially rendering it impossible to express accurately given the generic nature of your decorateMethod. I attempted a workaround which can be accessed here, but unfortunately, TS eliminates the generics resulting in {}.

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