Implementing global variable sharing across components in Vue 3 using TypeScript while maintaining scope cleanliness: types, classes, and helper functions

Background

I am currently developing a Vue application using the Composition API in TypeScript, encountering an issue that I have been unable to resolve. Despite my efforts, I am struggling to articulate the problem or find a solution. (For reference, I am utilizing Vite and VS Code in this project.)

Within a TypeScript file, I have defined various elements such as types, interfaces, enums, classes and functions intended for global use.

Presently, in every other .vue or .ts file, I am burdened with lengthy import statements to access the contents of this file. This approach has become cumbersome.

Is there a method to make the contents of this shared file accessible globally without the need for importing?

Attempted Solutions

  1. Exploring Vue's global properties

Although not recommended or documented for projects that utilize the Composition API with script setup (which is my case), this option does not seem suitable for enums, types, or classes.

  1. Investigating Vue's provide/inject or composables features

This approach essentially mirrors traditional imports, adding an extra layer of complexity. Unless there is something I am overlooking.

  1. Importing the file in main.ts, then extending the global scope using declare global {} to circumvent TypeScript errors

I am uncertain if this practice is advisable or even functional. My attempts to implement it were futile, especially regarding classes where error messages like

Declaration or statement expected
persisted.

  1. Utilizing option 3 exclusively for types while relying on traditional imports for everything else

Ultimately, I resorted to segregating types in this manner, making the workflow slightly more manageable. However, I desire a solution that encompasses enums as well.

In Summary...

Is there a recommended approach to enable seamless accessibility to various entities from a single file across an entire project, eliminating the necessity for repetitive import statements?


Edit for Clarity:

I acknowledge the drawbacks of polluting the global object. Thus, I seek alternatives that do not involve this practice, yet alleviate the need for extensive import declarations.

I am aware of feasible solutions:

These tools facilitate universal usage without requiring explicit availability declarations. (I personally utilize the latter tool but encountered difficulties implementing the former with Vite.) How can I achieve a similar outcome for local helpers and utilities existing within a file?

Answer №1

If you're seeking an alternative to Vue2's Vue.prototype, check out this valuable resource written by @skirtle. It explores various techniques, highlighting the differences and benefits of each.


In the Composition API, it is generally advisable to avoid global variables. The focus is on controlling the variables exposed to each <template>, only revealing what is necessary for the current component/template.

This means that whenever you require a particular variable, you must explicitly import it:

import { useStuff } from './wherever'

const stuff = useStuff();

While this suffices within a <script setup>, if you are inside a setup() within a defineComponent(), you need to include stuff in the object returned by setup() before using it in the <template>.

It is crucial to understand that import signifies that the variable is not global; it needs to be imported before usage.


Additionally, when projects grow more intricate, the number of imports in each component also increases. To manage this, I recommend re-exporting all stores from an index.ts file in the src/store directory, making it possible to import multiple stores with a single line:

import { useAuth, useLayout, useSomethingElse } from '@/store';
  • I follow a similar approach for types in the @/types folder.
  • Sometimes, I maintain a @/config folder for configuration settings in my apps.

Although this is just one pattern among many, adopting this strategy has helped declutter my import sections across projects. Notably, when I Ctrl/Cmd + click on a resource imported through a barrel import, my IDE directly navigates to the source definition without the need for a re-export step.

Answer №2

Why not utilize Vue mixins? Take advantage of the features provided in the documentation!

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