In TypeScript, encountering an unanticipated intersection

In my "models" registry, whenever I select a model and invoke a method on it, TypeScript anticipates an intersection of parameters across all registered models.

To demonstrate this issue concisely, I've created a dummy method called "getName".

export class Model<N extends string> {
  public name: N;

  constructor(name: N) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public getName = (options: { __type: N }) => options.__type;
}

export const Book = new Model("Book");
export const User = new Model("User");

export const modelRegistry = { Book, User };

export type ModelRegistry = typeof modelRegistry;

export const makeModel = <N extends keyof ModelRegistry>(name: N) => (
  options: Parameters<ModelRegistry[N]["getName"]>[0],
) => {
  const model = modelRegistry[name];
  return model.getName(options); // <-- bug: TS expects this to be { __type: User } & { __type: Book }
};

https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZGwcg.png

Playground Link

Answer №1

One issue arises when the compiler struggles to decipher the generic ModelRegistry[N]['getName'] in relation to the type N during a function call. As a result, it broadens N to encompass the entire union type keyof ModelRegistry, causing model.getName to be seen as a union of different parameter types for functions. Previously, before TypeScript 3.3, such unions were not callable at all (refer to microsoft/TypeScript#7294). In TypeScript 3.3, support was introduced to allow calling these functions with an intersection of parameters from each function within the union (see this link). Although an improvement from being "not callable," this approach still has limitations, especially when dealing with correlated union types (refer to microsoft/TypeScript#30581).

In such scenarios, one simple solution is to acknowledge that you understand the situation better than the compiler and use type assertions to specify the expected types. For demonstration purposes, I'll use as any to override the compiler:

export const makeModel = <N extends keyof ModelRegistry>(name: N) => (
  options: Parameters<ModelRegistry[N]['getName']>[0],
): ReturnType<ModelRegistry[N]['getName']> => {
  const model = modelRegistry[name];
  return model.getName(options as any) as any; // Outsmarting the compiler 🤓
};

This approach should resolve the issue for you. You can refine the use of any assertions to more suitable types if needed. Note that I manually specified the return type of the nested makeModel call as

ReturnType<ModelRegistry[N]['getName']
, as the compiler may struggle to infer this on its own.

In conclusion, I hope this information proves helpful. Best of luck!

Answer №2

To overcome this issue, one approach is to create a general version of the makeModel function that can operate on any registry, and then establish a specific version for a particular instance of that registry:

export const makeAnyModel = <Registry extends { [N in string]: Model<N> }>
(registry: Registry, name: keyof Registry) => (
  options: Parameters<Registry[keyof Registry]["getName"]>[0],
) => {
    const model = registry[name];
    return model.getName(options);
};

export const makeModel = <N extends keyof ModelRegistry>(name: N) => 
    makeAnyModel(modelRegistry, name);

The makeAnyModel function does not encounter errors because the type N is automatically assumed to be of type string during implementation checking - thus, the inferred type for getName is as follows:

Model<string>.getName: (options: { __type: string; }) => string

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