In TypeScript, is it possible to determine an object's type and then enhance it using a type specified through generics?

I am currently working on a TypeScript function that takes an object as a parameter and deduces its type, then merges that inferred type with another type provided via generics. The outcome should be an object that includes properties from both the inferred type and the generic type.

My objective is as follows:

function addType<E extends object>(obj: any): // inferred object type + E {
  // Implementation
}

const x = addType<{ extraProp: number }>({ someProp: 1 });

// The type of x should be:
// {
//   someProp: number;
//   extraProp: number;
}

The idea is for TypeScript to deduce the type of the obj parameter (in this case, { someProp: number }) and then combine it with the generic type { extraProp: number }, resulting in the following type:

{
  someProp: number;
  extraProp: number;
}

Nevertheless, I aim to accomplish this by providing only one type argument ({ extraProp: number }), rather than two. I want the function to deduce the type of the obj parameter automatically.

I have attempted to utilize intersection types, conditional types, and various other methods, but I encounter challenges where TypeScript either expects two type arguments or fails to correctly deduce the type.

Does anyone know of a way to achieve this in TypeScript without explicitly specifying the inferred type?

Answer №1

It seems like there might be confusion between compile-time types and runtime objects/values. If your function only expects one generic parameter, that parameter should represent the object you want to infer. No additional argument is being passed for extra properties, which suggests that those properties are hardcoded within the function. In the case of hardcoded extra properties, type declarations for those properties are unnecessary:

function addType<T extends object>(obj: T) {
  return {
    ...obj,
    extraProp: 1
  }
}

const x = addType({ someProp: 1 });
console.log(
  x.extraProp,  // Works fine
  x.someProp // Works fine
);

If you desire to merge objects at runtime, you can utilize the following approach:

function mergeFactory<T extends object> (extra: T) {
  return <T extends object> (obj: T) => {
    return {
    ...obj,
    ...extra
  }
  }
}

// Create a new merging function
const addType = mergeFactory({ extraProp: 1 });

// Apply the merging function
const x = addType({ someProp: 1 });

console.log(
  x.extraProp,  // Works fine
  x.someProp // Works fine
);

Interactive demo

For merging types, you can simply use &:

type Extra = { extraProp: number };
type Base = { someProp: number };

type Merge = Extra & Base;

// Generics can also be used for merging, though it may be excessive
type GenericMerge<T1, T2> = T1 & T2;
type Merge2 = GenericMerge<Extra, Base>;

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