Instantiate a TypeScript object and establish its type by setting restrictions derived from an input object

I have been working on creating a function that takes an object

A: { [key: string]: string | undefined }
as its parameter. The goal is to generate a new object B with all properties from A, converting each string property to type number, and each string | undefined property to type number | undefined.

To better clarify, here is a simplified example of the concept:

type Input<T> = { [K in keyof T]: string | undefined };
type Output<T> = { [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends undefined ? number | undefined : number };

function transformObject<T extends Input<T>>(input: T): Output<T> {
  const result = {} as Output<T>;
  for (const key in input) {
    const value = input[key];
    result[key] = value === undefined ? undefined : value.length;
  }
  return result;
}

const obj = { background: 'red', color: 'blue', border: undefined };
const obj2 = transformObject(obj);
const bgLength: number = obj2.background;
const borderLength: number | undefined = obj2.border;

The issue I am facing is figuring out how to properly define the assignment of result[key] without resorting to using as any for type casting. When I try to do so, I receive the following error message:

Type 'number | undefined' is not assignable to type 'T[Extract<keyof T, string>] extends undefined ? number | undefined : number'.
  Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'T[Extract<keyof T, string>] extends undefined ? number | undefined : number'.ts(2322)

What would be the correct method to establish this type relationship between the input and output objects, where all properties in A are mirrored in B, while preserving optional properties as optional in B?

Answer №1

Within

function manipulateData<T extends In<T>>(input: T): Out<T> {
  const outcome = {} as Out<T>;
  for (const key in input) {
    const value = input[key];
    outcome[key] = value === undefined ? undefined : value.length; // error
  }
  return outcome;
}

The variable outcome inside the function is of type Out<T>, which is a conditional type based on the generic type parameter T. The compiler checks the assignment of values to properties using a union type condition

T[keyof T] extends undefined ? number | undefined : number
.

However, generic conditional types like this pose a challenge for TypeScript's type analysis. The complexity of these types makes it difficult for the compiler to determine if assignments are valid or not. In this case, the expression

value === undefined ? undefined : value.length
results in a number | undefined union type, which is not directly compatible with the expected type.

TypeScript struggles to handle generic conditional types alongside control flow operations like if/else, leading to difficulty in type inference and assignment validation. This limitation highlights the need for improved language support, such as the feature request mentioned in microsoft/TypeScript#33912.

A common workaround is to use a type assertion to explicitly define the type compatibility:

function manipulateData<T extends In<T>>(input: T): Out<T> {
  const outcome = {} as Out<T>;
  for (const key in input) {
    const value = input[key];
    result[key] = 
      (value === undefined ? undefined : value.length) as Out<T>[keyof T]; // okay
  }
  return outcome;
}

By utilizing a type assertion, you take on the responsibility of ensuring type correctness, allowing the code to compile despite the compiler's limitations in type checking. While this approach can bypass compiler errors, caution must be exercised to prevent potential mistakes due to manual type assertions.

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