Interpret the string as a tuple, enum, or dictionary structure

A specific set of data is being received in my cloud function:

let geison=`{
"message" : [{"something":1}, {"is":2} ,{"up":3}, {"today":4}]
}`

The objective is to extract the keys and values from each item. Initially, it is parsed in this manner:

const body = JSON.parse(geison);

By iterating through, I am able to see individual list items:

body.message.forEach((item: { type: string; }) => {
      console.log(item.type) //this prints out "undefined"
      console.log(item) //this prints out the item, curly brackets and all
}); 

Is there a way to parse the list item so that its key and value can be accessed separately?

Answer №1

In the case where your items consistently have just one key and value pair, you can implement a solution similar to this:

body.message.forEach((item: { [k: string]: number }) => {
  console.log(Object.keys(item)[0]);
  console.log(Object.values(item)[0]);
}); 

Answer №2

The object structure you are using, like {something: 1}, does not match the type {type: string}. The reason is that the former does not have a key named type with a value of type string. When iterating through the message array, attempting to access the type property results in undefined. Since each item in the array is an object, it is displayed within curly braces due to this misclassification. The use of JSON.parse() generates values of the very flexible and permissive any type, causing this misclassification only to manifest at runtime.

To accurately describe your object type, it should have a single dynamically keyed property with a value of type number (based on the provided example). Implementing such a structure with just one unknown key can be challenging in TypeScript.

An alternative approach is utilizing an index signature like {[k: string]: number}, signifying "an object type containing dynamic keys of type string whose values are numbers." While this may closely align with your requirements, it contrasts in terms of unspecified keys quantity; an index signature allows any number of unspecified keys, while you specified just one. Proceed by ensuring to extract only the first (and sole) key.

I would suggest employing a type assertion to convey to the compiler the anticipated structure of the parsed JSON:

const body = JSON.parse(geison) as { message: Array<{ [k: string]: number }> };

Subsequently, for each element in the message array (now recognized by the compiler as an array of dictionaries-of-numbers), retrieve its presumed solitary key by obtaining the initial output from Object.keys():

body.message.forEach(item => {
  const key = Object.keys(item)[0];
  console.log(key);
  console.log(item[key]);
}); 

This adjustment should lead to the expected behavior. Best of luck with your implementation!

Link to Interactive Code Playground

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