Is it possible for me to create an interface that enables me to invoke a custom method on particular strings?

My database returns objects structured like this:

interface Bicycle {
  id: string;
  created_at: string;
}

The data in the created_at field is a machine-friendly date that I need to convert into a Date object for localization: new Date(bike.created_at).

Instead of treating created_at as a simple string, I want to define it as a type that extends string with a method for converting it into a Date object: bike.created_at.toDate().

This approach would provide an efficient and type-safe way to obtain Date objects from these date-containing strings stored in the database.

A potential implementation could be:

interface DateString extends string {
  toDate(): Date;
}

interface Bicycle {
  id: string;
  created_at: DateString;
}

However, implementing this solution would require modifying the string prototype to add my custom toDate method. It's important to note that altering prototypes can lead to unexpected outcomes and is generally considered bad practice. Moreover, exposing toDate on all strings in the application raises concerns.

An alternative option would involve creating a transformer function to replace the created_at string with a Date object. However, this approach may introduce more fragility compared to defining created_at as a special string designated for date purposes.

Answer №1

In the scenario where toDate is exclusively present on Bicycle.created_at, you can create an intersection of a string and a personalized object with a toDate method:

interface WithToDate {
    toDate(): Date
}

type CreatedAt = string & WithToDate

interface Bicycle {
  id: string;
  created_at: CreatedAt;
}

Give it a try.

Keep in mind that this is just for type checking purposes. If you intend to actually utilize the .toDate at runtime, it needs to be properly implemented. It is likely to be implemented as a method on a String.prototype, which means all strings will have the .toDate method available.

Answer №2

Instead of directly modifying the properties of a string, another popular approach is utilizing Branded Types. This method allows for the creation of functions that only accept specific values at the type level, without impacting the runtime.

If concerns arise regarding the use of as, it is acceptable in this context as it simply adds type information to a string during development, rather than affecting runtime behavior.

Within your codebase or imported from a library, this code snippet should be included:

declare const brand: unique symbol;

type Brand<T, TBrand extends string> = T & {
  [brand]: TBrand;
};

This will allow the creation of branded types such as:

type DateString = Brand<string, "DateString">;

A function can then be defined that requires the branded type during compilation, ensuring no runtime impact:

function toDate(dateString: DateString) {
  return new Date(dateString);
}
...

Modifying prototypes of built-in types can introduce compatibility issues with future JS versions, especially in libraries. Using functions that accept native types is generally safer, and Branded Types offer a way to selectively permit inputs at the type level without influencing runtime behavior.

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