Is it possible to define a new type in TypeScript using "runtime" keys?

Illustrate with an example:

class ModuleOptions {
  key1?: string;
  key2?: string;

  keyA?: string;
  keyB?: string;
}

class Module {
  static options: ModuleOptions = {
    key1: 'key1',
    key2: 'key2',

    keyA: 'keyA',
    keyB: 'keyB'
  };

  static create(options: ModuleOptions) {
    Object.assign(Module.options, options);
  }
}


const myModule = Module.create({
  key1: 'foo'
});

// Now Module.options static field has "foo" as key1...
// Can we enforce that fooArgs must have a property named "foo" of type string?
function foo(fooArgs: NewType) {
  // Do stuff
}

Is it possible to restrict fooArgs (represented by NewType) to only accept 'foo' as a key, along with the same defined type for it (string)?

The following attempt does not work (even in a simplified form):

class NewType {
  [k in keyof [ModuleOptions.options]]: string;
}

A computed property name must be of type 'string', 'number', 'symbol', or 'any'.

Answer №1

It is possible to achieve what you desire, but there are certain challenges that need to be addressed. TypeScript has restrictions when it comes to changing the types of existing values. For instance, if a variable named foo is initially defined as type string, it cannot later be changed to type

number</code. In your scenario, if the compiler recognizes <code>Module.options.key1
as the string-literal type "key1", you cannot alter its type to
"foo"</code at a later stage. The compiler will continue to expect it to be <code>"key1"
even after calling Module.create(). There are alternative methods to work around this limitation, such as using type guards to narrow down the type of a value or introducing new variables to represent values with different types.

An example solution utilizing the latter approach involves modifying the create function in Module to return a new instance of Module with a distinct type:

// Code snippet here

This code utilizes conditional types to demonstrate how the behavior of options changes when create is invoked. By executing the following code snippet, we can observe the outcome:

// More code here

To resolve the issue where the inferred type of the parameter passed to create is incorrect, a type assertion is applied to refine it:

// Further code snippet

Subsequently, once myModule.options.key1 is acknowledged by the compiler as "foo", the desired NewType can be created:

// Additional code lines

Examining NewType reveals:

// Type details 

Finally, you can utilize NewType within your functions:

// Implementation in a function

Hopefully, these insights prove beneficial to you. Best of luck!

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