Is it possible to toggle between namespace and class using parentheses?

While working with older javascript code, I stumbled upon the following snippet:

// module1.js
class Class {
    constructor() { console.log('hello') }
}
const exported = {
    Class: Class,
}
module.exports = exported

This code is then referenced in a TypeScript file like this:

// module2.ts
import Module1 from './module1'

class Subclass extends Module1.Class {
    ...

However, Visual Studio Code throws an error and provides the following type hint:

(alias) const Module1: {
    Class: typeof Class;
}
import Module1
----------------------------------------
Cannot find namespace 'Module1'. ts(2503)

Curiously, after adding parentheses around 'Module1' like so:

class Subclass extends (Module1).Class {

The error in Visual Studio Code disappears. What does this error mean, and what do those parentheses signify? I couldn't find any information on namespaces, import aliases, etc.

It's worth noting that there are no compilation errors when using tsc; the code functions correctly either way.

Some relevant sections from the tsconfig file (Node.js, TypeScript 4.8.2):

    "target": "es2019",
    "module": "commonjs",
    "allowJs": true,
    "checkJs": false,
    "esModuleInterop": true,

Note: The issue persists even if the file is imported via

import Module1 = require('./module1')
, so it seems unrelated to esModuleInterop.

Answer №1

It is important to note that in this situation, the error message is accurate. Module1 does not function as a namespace but rather as a value. Therefore, attempting to use the dot operator on a value will result in an error. The dot operator can only be applied to a namespace and not a value.

The parentheses serve as a type assertion in this context. By utilizing them, you are informing the compiler that Module1 should be recognized as a namespace. Once the compiler acknowledges this, it will grant you permission to utilize the dot operator accordingly.

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