Is the Typescript index signature limited to only working with the `any` type?

I recently made changes to my interface and class structure:

export interface State {
    arr : any[];
}


export const INITIAL_STATE: State = {
    arr: []
};

This updated code compiles without any issues.

Now, I decided to modify the Interface to include a dynamic property:

export interface State {
    arr : any[];
    [key: string]: any
}

And for the class, here's how it looks now:

export const INITIAL_STATE: State = {
    arr: []    ,
    'a':2
};

- Still compiling successfully.

However, when I tried to make the type of dynamic properties stricter changing from [key: string]: any to [key: string]: number:

In other words:

export interface State {
    arr : any[];
    [key: string]: number
}


export const INITIAL_STATE: State = {
    arr: []    ,
    'a':2
};

An error occurred:

Error:(7, 14) TS2322: Type '{ arr: undefined[]; 'a': number; }' is not assignable to type 'State'. Property 'arr' is incompatible with index signature. Type 'undefined[]' is not assignable to type 'number'.

Question:

Why did this happen?
I'm struggling to comprehend the logic behind this restriction. What steps can I take to resolve this issue?

Answer №1

When defining the following interface:

export interface State {
    arr: any[];
    [key: string]: number
}

An error occurs before even creating an object:

The property 'arr' of type 'any[]' cannot be assigned to a string index type 'number'

This error arises because, by specifying [key: string]: number, TypeScript expects all properties to be strings that correspond to a number. Therefore, you are unable to have an array unless you modify the interface to:

export interface State {
    [key: string]: number | any[]
}

It is important to note that the previous interface functioned properly due to:

export interface State {
    arr : any[];
    [key: string]: any
}

In this scenario, [key: string]: any instructs TypeScript to "map a string to anything", essentially disabling type checking for each string property. This is why having arr : any[]; does not trigger an error.

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