Is there a Typescript function error that occurs when attempting to rename a key, stating it "could potentially be instantiated with a different subtype"?

I am currently working on a Mongoify type that accepts a type T, removes the id key, and replaces it with an _id key.

type Mongoify<T extends {id: string}> = Omit<T, "id"> & {
    _id: ObjectId
};

function fromMongo<T extends { id: string }>(x: Mongoify<T>): T {
    const { _id, ...theRest } = x;
    const  withNormalId = { ...theRest, id: _id.toHexString() };
    return withNormalId
}

Unfortunately, I am encountering an issue where this function is not passing the type check. The error message reads:

Type 'Omit<Mongoify<T>, "_id"> & { id: string; }' is not assignable to type 'T'.
  'Omit<Mongoify<T>, "_id"> & { id: string; }' is assignable to the constraint of type 'T', but 'T' could be instantiated with a different subtype of constraint '{ id: string; }'.(2322)

I have reviewed a resource on Stack Overflow (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56505560/how-to-fix-ts2322-could-be-instantiated-with-a-different-subtype-of-constraint) explaining the TS2322 error, but I am still unclear on the root cause in this scenario. It seems like Typescript may be failing to infer that ...theRest is of type

Omit<Mongoify<T>, "_id"
, despite the correct type being displayed when inspecting the value in the playground.

If anyone has insights on why this function is failing to pass the typecheck, I would greatly appreciate the assistance.

Answer №1

Typescript introduces the concept of literal types, which means that it cannot ensure that the returned type T will exactly match the type 'Omit<Mongoify, "_id"> & { id: string; }`. For instance, if you define

type Bad = { id: 'literal-string' }

and then try to use it with:

fromMongo<Bad>({ _id: objectId })

You might expect the output to be of type Bad, but in reality, your function's implementation returns type { id: string }.

To address this issue, you can refactor your function as follows:

function fromMongo<
    T extends { _id: ObjectId }
>(x: T): Omit<T, '_id'> & { id: string } {
    const { _id, ...theRest } = x;

    return  { ...theRest, id: _id.toHexString() };
}

Check out this playground link for more details

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