Is there a way for TypeScript to recognize that the potential data types in a union type align with the valid prototypes for a function? Any solutions available?

There seems to be an issue with this (playground link) code snippet:

type ReplaceAll2ndArgType = string | ((substring: string, ...args: unknown[]) => string)

export async function renderHTMLTemplate(
    args: Record<string, ReplaceAll2ndArgType>
): Promise<string> {
    let template = "some template text"
    for (const key in args) {
        const val = args[key]
        template = template.replaceAll(`%${key}%`, val)
    }
    return template
}

Upon compiling in typescript, the following error is thrown:

No overload matches this call.
  Overload 1 of 2, '(searchValue: string | RegExp, replaceValue: string): string', gave the following error.
    Argument of type 'ReplaceAll2ndArgType' is not assignable to parameter of type 'string'.
      Type '(substring: string, ...args: unknown[]) => string' is not assignable to type 'string'.
  Overload 2 of 2, '(searchValue: string | RegExp, replacer: (substring: string, ...args: any[]) => string): string', gave the following error.
    Argument of type 'ReplaceAll2ndArgType' is not assignable to parameter of type '(substring: string, ...args: any[]) => string'.
      Type 'string' is not assignable to type '(substring: string, ...args: any[]) => string'.

It appears that typescript is struggling to understand that the union type ReplaceAll2ndArgType contains types that match the prototypes available for template.replaceAll function. This behavior seems unexpected as it evaluates the prototypes one by one. Is my understanding of the problem correct?

My current workaround involves modifying the code as shown in this (playground link):

type ReplaceAll2ndArgType = string | ((substring: string, ...args: unknown[]) => string)

export async function renderHTMLTemplate(
    args: Record<string, ReplaceAll2ndArgType>
): Promise<string> {

        let template = "some template text"

    for (const key in args) {
            const val = args[key]
            switch ( typeof val ) {
                case "string":
                    template = template.replaceAll(`%${key}%`, val)
                    break
                case "function":
                    template = template.replaceAll(`%${key}%`, val)
                    break
            }
    }
    return template
}

This workaround seems ineffective, especially since the case "function" doesn't provide much useful narrowing of the code. Is there a better solution that I might be overlooking?

Answer №1

The issue you are facing has been documented on microsoft/TypeScript#44919.

It appears that the TypeScript library typings for the replaceAll() string method are defined using a set of overloads:

interface String {
  replaceAll(
    searchValue: string | RegExp, 
    replaceValue: string
  ): string;
  replaceAll(
    searchValue: string | RegExp, 
    replacer: (substring: string, ...args: any[]) => string
  ): string;
}

As of now, TypeScript only resolves calls to overloads one at a time. Your current call to replaceAll() with a second argument of a union type does not directly match any of the defined call signatures. Until TypeScript supports calling multiple call signatures simultaneously, as suggested in microsoft/TypeScript#14107, a workaround is necessary.

One workaround, as evident from your question, involves utilizing control flow to differentiate the type of the second argument in order to align with one of the overloads.

Another workaround, in line with the requested change in microsoft/TypeScript#44919, is to introduce a new call signature for replaceAll(). While existing call signatures cannot be removed, you can merge a third call signature specifically for your codebase:

declare global {
  interface String {
    replaceAll(
      searchValue: string | RegExp, 
      replacerOrValue: string | ((substring: string, ...args: any[]) => string)
    ): string;
  }
}

By merging the existing call signatures, your call will start working as it now aligns with the new call signature:

template = template.replaceAll(`%${key}%`, val) // works as expected

For a hands-on experience and further understanding, you can visit the Playground link.

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