Is there a way to assign a function signature to every property within a class in typescript?

When I am structuring a class to contain all methods related to its functionality, I ensure that all the methods within the class have a specific signature. I attempted to utilize an index signature in this manner:

interface rulesType {
    [key:string]: testFn
}

However, TypeScript threw an error saying that "class 'rules' incorrectly implements interface 'rulesType'."

class rules implements rulesType {
    test() {
        
    }
}

Apologies for the oversight, here is the interface for testFn:

type testFn = () => void

Why did this error occur?

Answer №1

class rules implements Record<keyof rules, ()=>void> {
    test() {
        
    }
}

When using just [key:string]: testFn, it suggests that every possible string key will correspond to a function. However, your class is limited to a specific number of keys.

You can reference the keys of your own class in implemented interfaces by using

Record<keyof OWN_CLASS, testFn>
, which provides the type constraint you need.

It's important to note that in typescript, a function that returns anything can be assigned to a function that returns void, so constraining the return type may not be straightforward:

class rules implements Record<keyof rules, ()=>void> {
    test() {
        return "not void" // This doesn't trigger an error
    }
}

To properly constrain the return type to always be void, you can take a more unique approach:

type AllFuncs<Cls> = {
    [K in keyof Cls]: Cls[K] extends () => infer R
        ? R extends void
            ? testFn // If the return type is void, no issue
            : () => undefined // If the return type isn't void, it must be undefined
        : testFn; // If it's not a function, set constraint to function for error
};
class rules implements AllFuncs<rules> {
    test() {
        return "now is error :)"
    }
}

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