Is type inference a trustworthy method?

Recently, I started learning about typescript and was introduced to the concept of type inference.

According to my instructor, it's generally not recommended to assign a variable with a specific type, but to instead rely on type inference. However, I immediately encountered an issue when I made this mistake:

function add(n1: number, n2: number, showResult: boolean, phrase: string) {
  const result = n1 + n2;
  if (showResult) {
    console.log(phrase + result);
  }
  return result;
}

let number1;
number1 = '5';
const number2 = 2.8;

add(number1, number2, printResult, resultPhrase);

In the code snippet above, you can see that the string value was able to slip through type checking, highlighting a potential flaw in relying solely on type inference. Therefore, would it be better practice to explicitly set the type instead, as demonstrated below?

let number1: number;
number1 = '5';

Upon attempting the above code, an error is immediately thrown. This serves as evidence questioning the reliability of type inference.

https://i.sstatic.net/gyb5v.png

Answer №1

number1 is declared as any because it is not assigned a value at the beginning. The use of any is discouraged since it can be assigned to any type, leading to potential errors. When defining a function like

function add(n1: number,

If you call the add function with an argument of type any, it will still compile.

Even if you assign a different value to number1 after its declaration, TypeScript will continue to see it as type any.

To avoid these mistakes, consider enabling noImplicitAny in your tsconfig file to receive errors when using any instead of specific types.

Another helpful practice is to use const instead of let whenever possible. With const, the type is automatically inferred. While occasional explicit type annotations may be needed, they are always more specific than any. (const should be preferred over let whenever possible)

If you must use let, ensure to either initialize it with a value for type inference or specify the type explicitly like

let number1: number;

to prevent issues caused by implicit typing as any.

It is acceptable to use type annotations when a variable starts without an assigned value.

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