Issue with TypeScript: constraint mismatch in generic index lookups

In this particular scenario, I cannot envision a situation in which this approach would not be appropriate. Consequently, my expectation is that it should be permissible.

Could someone provide clarification on why this approach is restricted?


        type Foo = { foo: number };
        type Bar = { bar: number };

        type Tag = 'foo' | 'bar';

        type MyObject1 = {
            foo: Foo;
            bar: Bar;
        };

        type MyObject2 = {
            foo: { value: Foo };
            bar: { value: Bar };
        };

        <T extends Tag>(t: T) => {
            declare const { value }: MyObject2[T];

            // Encounter an unexpected type error
            // The reason being: Type 'Foo | Bar' cannot be assigned to type 'MyObject1[T]'.
            const desired: MyObject1[T] = value;
        };
    

Link to Playground

Answer №1

This issue arose as a result of the changes made in Enhancing the integrity of indexed access types. The concern here is not that the specific assignment is inherently flawed, but rather because when you define desired as MyObject1[T], it becomes capable of being assigned to the property value of an object belonging to type MyObject1 by definition. Allowing this assignment could potentially lead to complications elsewhere:

const example = <T extends Tag>(t: T, { value }: MyObject2[T]) => {
    // Unexpected type error
    // Type 'Foo | Bar' is not assignable to type 'MyObject1[T]'.
    const desired: MyObject1[T] = value; 
    let myObj1!: MyObject1;
    myObj1[t] = desired; // This is where issues arise, especially if T can be a union.
}

example<Tag>("foo", { value: { bar: 0 }}); // This call puts myObj1 in an invalid state where myObj1['foo'] will have a type of Bar

If we were to allow MyObject1[T] to remain a union of potential values and only flag errors during assignments, it would make it impossible to represent 'a value that can be assigned as an object value'. Therefore, the following code snippet would be deemed invalid (and impossible to properly type):

const setProperty = <T extends Tag>(t: T, v: MyObject1[T]) => {
    let myObj1!: MyObject1;
    myObj1[t] = v; // This assignment would pose issues if MyObject1[T] did not encompass the intersection of all possible values of MyObject1
}

If you aim to depict a union of potential values for an object, utilize MyObject1[Tag].

const example = <T extends Tag>(t: T, { value }: MyObject2[T]) => {
    const desired: MyObject1[Tag] = value; 
}

Depending on your subsequent requirements, you may need a type assertion at some stage. However, without more context from your code, it's challenging to determine whether you can express it sans assertions, if it truly aligns with type safety, or if it's merely a limitation of the type system.

Answer №2

Let's put aside the fact that using `declare` in that section of the code is not an option, it seems that TypeScript currently lacks the intelligence to recognize that your actions are valid. Therefore, you must explicitly inform TypeScript that `value` belongs to the type `MyObject1[T]`.

const desired: MyObject1[T] = value as MyObject1[T];

Take a look at this playground; I've also made some slight adjustments there.

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