Javascript's callback mechanism allows functions to be passed as arguments

I am currently delving into the intricacies of the callback mechanism in javascript, particularly typescript. If I have a function that expects a callback as an input argument, do I need to explicitly use a return statement to connect it with the actual callback implementation from the calling code? Or can I simply refer to the "callback" parameter in the code being called and have it automatically link up with the callback code in the calling code?

Here are some code samples in typescript:

// Hooking up the callback code using a return statement
clear(collectionName: string, callback: any) {
        this.getConnection((err, db) => {
            if (!db)
                return callback(err, null);
            db.collection(collectionName).remove();
        });
    return callback();
    }


// Hooking up the callback code by referencing the reserved callback keyword for automatic connection with the calling code
clear(collectionName: string, callback: any) {
        this.getConnection((err, db) => {
            if (!db)
                return callback(err, null);
            db.collection(collectionName).remove({}, callback);
        });
    }

Answer №1

Instead of needing to return, you can easily execute it in this manner:

eraseData(collectionName: string, callback: any) {
        this.connect((err, db) => {
            if (!db)
                callback(err, null);
            db.collection(collectionName).deleteMany();
        });
    return callback();
    }


// The callback code is integrated using a reference to the reserved keyword for automatic connectivity with the calling code
clearData(collectionName: string, callback: any) {
        this.connect((err, db) => {
            if (!db)
                callback(err, null);
            db.collection(collectionName).remove({}, callback);
        });
    }

Answer №2

In Javascript, functions are considered as first-class citizens, meaning you can treat them just like any other variable and pass them around freely. All you have to do is call the function at the appropriate time without needing a return statement. For instance, take a look at how Array.prototype.forEach operates behind the scenes. It takes a callback function as an argument, which receives the element currently being iterated over as the first parameter and the current index as the second parameter:

Array.prototype.forEach = function(callback) {
  for(i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
    if (callback) callback(this[i], i)
  }
}

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