Limit the type of parent to multiple children

Within my application, I have a main object defined with the following structure:

type MainObject = {
  name: string;
  age: number;
  city: string;
}
 

Now, there is another section in the application that specifically makes use of the properties name, age, and city. The types for this section are as follows:

type NameAge = {
   name: string;
   age: number;
}
type CityInfo = {
   city: string;
}

I am looking for a way to ensure type safety by linking the parent object to these specific child types (NameAge and CityInfo) instead of manually creating the entire parent object structure. While using intersections can work, what if the parent object contains additional properties not present in NameAge or CityInfo?

Would it be advisable to define an AdditionalType even if it is not directly utilized in any component?

type AdditionalType = { extra: boolean }
type ParentObject = NameAge & CityInfo & AdditionalType 

Answer №1

If you combine two types in TypeScript, you can create a new parent type using the concept of intersection. For example:

type DogCat = {
   dog: string;
   cat: string
}
type BirdFish = {
   bird: string;
   fish: string;
}

By combining these two types like this:

type PetType = DogCat & BirdFish;

The type PetType will have properties from both DogCat and BirdFish.

If you want to extract specific properties from a type to create a subset type, you can use the Pick utility function like this:

type JustDogCat = Pick<PetType, 'dog' | 'cat'>

Here, JustDogCat will be a new type created from PetType containing only the properties 'dog' and 'cat'.

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