limitation on pairings of two generic types

How can I specify in TypeScript that "You can pass in any two objects, as long as their combination satisfies type X"?

For example, consider the following function:

function myFunction(options: {x: number, y: string}){
}

Now, let's say we have another function that needs to call this function using a combination of two objects:

function callMyFunction<A,B>(a:A,b:B){
    myFunction({...a,...b})
} 

This setup allows us to compile code like the following:

callMyFunction({},{x:1,y:"hello"})
callMyFunction({x:1},{y:"hello"})
callMyFunction({x:1,y:"hello"},{})

However, it will fail to compile with input such as:

callMyFunction({x:1},{}) // Expecting 'y' property
callMyFunction({},{y:"hello"}) // Expecting 'x' property
callMyFunction({},{}) // Both 'x' and 'y' properties missing

We know that we can restrict a generic type using extends, but is there a way to restrict the combination of two generic types? It would be helpful if something like this were possible:

function callMyFunction<A,B, A&B extends {x:number,y:string}>(a:A,b:B){
    myFunction({...a,...b})
}

Answer №1

Is there a method in TypeScript to define "You can provide any two objects, as long as their combination meets type X requirements"?

This question is fantastic! And the answer is definitely YES.

Check out an approach (with a playground link). This approach combines various TypeScript and JavaScript features such as generics, rest parameters, array destructuring, conditional types, the `never` type, and tuple types. It also involves using the `as unknown as Options` technique to inform the compiler that we have additional knowledge compared to it.

type Options = { x: number; y: string };
function myFunction(options: Options) {}

function callMyFunction<A, B>(
  ...[a, b]: A & B extends Options ? [A, B] : never
) {
  const options = { ...a, ...b };
  myFunction((options as unknown) as Options);
}

In the `callMyFunction` function, if the intersection of types A and B fulfills the Options type requirements, then the two rest parameters will be of type A and B. If not, the rest parameters will be of type `never`, prompting the type checker to raise an error.

Examples that pass type checking...

callMyFunction({}, { x: 1, y: "hello" });
callMyFunction({ x: 1 }, { y: "hello" });
callMyFunction({ x: 1, y: "hello" }, {});

...while examples that fail type checking are:

/**
 * Argument of type '[{ x: number; }, {}]' is not assignable
 * to parameter of type 'never'.ts(2345)
 */
callMyFunction({ x: 1 }, {});

/**
 * Argument of type '[{}, { y: string; }]' is not assignable
 * to parameter of type 'never'.ts(2345)
 */
callMyFunction({}, { y: "hello" });

/**
 * Argument of type '[{}, {}]' is not assignable
 * to parameter of type 'never'.ts(2345)
 */
callMyFunction({}, {});

The error messages generated could be enhanced to provide more meaningful information about the expected arguments. Perhaps someone with deeper TypeScript expertise can suggest ways to improve these error messages.

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