Maintaining the essence of generics while encapsulating functions

I am currently facing a challenge in defining a function that can wrap any other function while maintaining the parameter types and return type. I have managed to achieve this when the function does not use generics, but I am encountering difficulties with generic functions. Here is a simplified example:

function wrap<F extends (...args: any[]) => any>(test: F) {
  return (...args: Parameters<typeof test>): ReturnType<typeof test> => {
    return test(...args);
  };
}
function simpleTest(a: number): number {
  return a;
}

// functioning correctly
// type: (a: number) => number
const wrappedSimpleTest = wrap(simpleTest);
function genericTest<T>(a: T): T {
  return a;
}

// experiencing issues here
// type: (a: unknown) => unknown
// desired type: <T>(a: T) => T
const wrappedGenericTest = wrap(genericTest);
function genericTest2<T, U>(a: T, b: U): T|U {
  return Math.random() < 0.5 ? a : b;
}

// encountering problems here as well
// type: (a: unknown, b: unknown) => unknown
// desired type: <T, U>(a: T, b: U) => T|U
const wrappedGenericTest2 = wrap(genericTest2);

Answer №1

To achieve the specific behavior you are seeking, TypeScript offers support for higher order type inference from generic functions. This feature is implemented in microsoft/TypeScript#30215. Typically, the language cannot abstract over generics in this manner within the type system due to the absence of higher kinded types as requested in microsoft/TypeScript#1213.

A workaround for this limitation involves using heuristics with certain restrictions and criteria to infer generic function types. Here's an example implementation:

function wrap<A extends any[], R>(test: (...args: A) => R) {
  return (...args: A): R => {
    return test(...args);
  };
}
    
const wrappedGenericTest = wrap(genericTest);
// const wrappedGenericTest: <T>(a: T) => T 👍

const wrappedGenericTest2 = wrap(genericTest2);
// const wrappedGenericTest2: <T, U>(a: T, b: U) => T | U 👍

In this revised approach, the F type parameter has been replaced by a pair of type parameters A and R, representing arguments and return types respectively. By directly utilizing A and R, the compiler can more effectively manage the higher order type operation.

If you are encountering issues with the F parameter impacting utility types like Parameters<T> and ReturnType<T>, switching to A and R may resolve these complications and provide the desired generic function type.

For further exploration and testing, you can access the code snippet through this Playground link.

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