Managing asynchronous data retrieval using rxjs

Within my service, I use an Observable to load data in the constructor. Later on, this data can be accessed using a getter, which should either return the data immediately if it's available or wait until the loading process is complete. Here is an example of how I implemented this in TypeScript:

class DataLoadingService {
    private onDataLoaded = new Subject<any>();
    private loaded = false;
    private data: any;

    constructor(
        private dataProvider: DataProvider
    ) {
        this.dataProvider.loadData().subscribe(data => {
            this.data = data;
            this.loaded = true;
            this.onDataLoaded.next(null);
        });
    }

    public fetchDataOrWait(): Observable<any> {
        if (this.loaded) { 
            return of(this.data);
        }
        return new Observable((observer: Observer<any>) => {
            const subscription = this.onDataLoaded.subscribe(() => {
                observer.next(this.data);
                observer.complete();
                subscription.unsubscribe();
            });
        });
    }
}

I'm wondering if there is a more straightforward way to achieve this functionality, as it seems like a common pattern.

Additionally, I am concerned about a possible race condition when the loading process completes while the execution is between lines marked A and B (although I'm unsure if threads are involved here, as the data is loaded asynchronously).

Answer №1

To implement the functionality, simply utilize the shareReplay() operator:

class MyService {
    public data$: Observable<any>;
    public loaded$: Observable<boolean>;

    constructor(private dataService: DataService) {
        this.data$ = this.dataService.loadData().pipe(
            shareReplay(1);
        );
        this.loaded$ = this.data$.pipe(
           mapTo(true),
           startWith(false)
        );
    }
}

The shareReplay operator functions as a multi-casting feature by emitting the same last value to all subscribers and causing them to wait until the initial value becomes available.

You can then create an observable loaded$ based on the data$, where it emits false initially and switches to true once the values are ready.

Alternatively, if you prefer data$ to emit a null before the actual data is available, this approach allows for creating different observables downstream indicating when the data is ready or not.

        this.data$ = this.dataService.loadData().pipe(
            startWith(null),
            shareReplay(1);
        );

To ensure the data is prepared, you need to call myService.data$.subscribe() to initiate the stream's initial reading. This can be done in the constructor, but remember that Angular delays service creation until it is first accessed. For eager loading of data, consider using resolvers in routes or injecting the service into a NgModule constructor and subscribing there.

Answer №2

It appears that you are looking to enhance the Observable-based interface of your data service for the clients of your MyService class through logical extension. One approach could involve utilizing a new AsyncSubject, which emits a single value to all subscribers upon completion.

class MyService {
  private data: any;
  private dataSubject = new AsyncSubject<any>();

  constructor(
    private dataService: DataService
  ) {
    this.dataService.loadData().subscribe(data => {
      this.data = data;
      this.dataSubject.next(data);
      this.dataSubject.complete();
    });
  }

  public getData(): Observable<any> {
    return this.dataSubject.asObservable();
  }
}

To use the getData method, the caller would typically write something like:

service.getData().subscribe((data) => {
  console.log(`retrieved data ${data}`);
});

Answer №3

In order to ensure that you receive a response from the server, it is essential to use observables as they guarantee the existence of any response. Your design should take this into consideration by handling logic within a subscription and proceeding accordingly in async mode.

However, if you are only expecting a single result rather than a stream of data and prefer to wait until the data is fully loaded from the server, you can utilize Promises with async/await to retrieve the result synchronously. This approach aligns more with typical Promise behavior.

If Observables must be used, options like forkJoin or flatMap enable waiting for complete data loading.

For further insights and comparisons, refer to this informative answer:

Is it a good practice using Observable with async/await?

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