Namespace remains ambiguous following compilation

I'm currently developing a game engine in TypeScript, but I encountered an issue when compiling it to JavaScript. Surprisingly, the compilation process itself did not throw any errors.

The problem arises in my main entry file (main.ts) with these initial lines:

require('./core/Obj');
require('./core/Component');

While the build process runs smoothly, executing the code results in an error specifically related to the second require statement:

Uncaught TypeError: Class extends value undefined is not a function or null

core/Obj.ts

namespace GameEngine {
    export class Obj {
        // Includes some functions/methods
    }
}

core/Component.ts

namespace GameEngine {
    export class Component extends Obj {
    }
}

Following compilation, the code snippet looks like this:

(function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname, process, global) { (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[
    function(require,module,exports){
        var GameEngine;
        (function (GameEngine) {
            class Component extends GameEngine.Obj { // The error occurs here
            }
            GameEngine.Component = Component;
        })(GameEngine || (GameEngine = {}));
    },{}],
    5:[function(require,module,exports){
        var GameEngine;
        (function (GameEngine) {
            class Obj {
            }
            GameEngine.Obj = Obj;
        })(GameEngine || (GameEngine = {}));
    },{}]
});

Below is the gulp task that I am executing:

gulp.task('compile-engine', function () {
    return browserify()
        .add('./GameEngine/main.ts')
        .plugin(tsify, {})
        .bundle()
        .on('error', function (error) { throw error; })
        .pipe(source('gameEngine.js'))
        .pipe(buffer())
        .pipe(gulp.dest('build/'));
});

Answer №1

Within each module, the GameEngine namespace is contained to prevent any pollution of the global scope. (This can be observed in the compiled bundle provided.) For a more detailed explanation on namespaces and modules, refer to this helpful answer here.

When utilizing tsify, external modules are used. It may simplify things by eliminating the need for namespacing. The TypeScript Handbook advises against using namespaces alongside modules:

An important aspect of TypeScript modules is that they do not introduce conflicting names into the same scope. With the module consumer defining their own name, there's no requirement to wrap exported symbols in a namespace.

A suggested way to adjust exports and imports is demonstrated below:

core/Obj.ts

export class Obj {
    // Some functions/methods
}

core/Component.ts

import { Obj } from "./Obj";
export class Component extends Obj {
}

main.ts

import { Component } from "./core/Component";
// Utilize the Component functionality here

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