Navigating a relative path import to the correct `@types` in Typescript

When the browser runs, I require

import * as d3 from '../lib/d3.js';

for d3 to be fetched correctly. I have confirmed that this does work as intended. However, the file that contains the above code, let's call it main.js, is generated from a typescript file named main.ts which also begins with the exact same line.

The typescript compiler raises an error stating that it cannot locate the module or its declarations. I thought of resolving this by adding something like

  "paths": {
     "../lib/d3.js": ["node_modules/@types/d3"]
  },

but after referring to the Typescript handbook, I am unsure about how to format this correctly: should the key be the full file path or just the module name? What should the value array consist of: file paths or directories?

Can this issue be addressed using path mapping in tsconfig.json at all? (I am familiar with implementing this through webpack, but I am curious to learn how to do it without.)

For more information, see: https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/issues/37971, although it doesn't provide a solution for my particular situation.

Answer №1

As of March 2022, it seems that the OP's desired outcome is not achievable based on the following analysis:

  1. When it comes to importing modules in the browser, it is crucial to note that paths must be either relative or absolute. The conventional methods of omitting file extensions and certain prefixes do not apply to native JavaScript modules.
  2. A comment made on an outdated Typescript issue asserts that import paths are never rewritten by the compiler.
  3. Referencing the Typescript handbook, it specifies that a relative import is resolved with respect to the importing file and does not extend to ambient module declarations.

In essence, both the first and second points necessitate explicitly stating the exact relative path for the import statement within the .ts file to ensure compatibility with the browser. Concurrently, the third point clarifies that re-mapping these relative paths to aid the compiler in locating declarations is not feasible.

To summarize: without employing a bundler, achieving the desired functionality is improbable when utilizing a Javascript library accompanied by a .d.ts file and targeting a web browser.

An update from September 2022 highlights that Webpack encounters difficulties with .js imports for Typescript, which may necessitate an additional plugin for resolution (source). Another amendment from January 2024 mentions the possibility of utilizing absolute paths for imports (e.g., /foo/bla/d3.js) where the library resides on the server and can be mapped elsewhere using compileroptions.paths during compilation process. Nonetheless, it is recommended to resort to a bundler such as webpack, rollup, or esbuild for projects beyond a singular library without dependencies.

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