Overloading TypeScript functions allows for flexible argument typing, accepting any type

Recently, I've encountered an issue while trying to overload function in TypeScript. Interestingly, my function arguments are being highlighted with the any type for some reason.

This is what I am attempting to accomplish:

I have defined two types for objects:

type SomeObj = {
  prop: number
}

and

type AnotherObj = {
  anotherProp: string
}

Here is my function:

interface SomeFunc {
  <T = AnotherObj>(a: T, b: true): T & SomeObj;
  <T = AnotherObj>(a: T, b?: boolean): T;
}

Now, let's look at how this function is implemented:

let someObj: SomeObj = {
  prop: 42
}

let someFunc: SomeFunc = function(a, b) {
  if (b === true) return Object.assign({}, a, someObj);
  else return a
}


var x = someFunc({ anotherProp: '1' }, true)
var y = someFunc({ anotherProp: '1' })

This function returns merged objects (AnotherObj & SomeObj) when the second argument is true. Otherwise, it simply returns the first argument AnotherObj.

Despite getting the correct highlights when checking the results of x and y, TypeScript still gives me a warning that function arguments are implicitly any. However, it is evident that the first argument is of type AnotherObj and the second argument is of type boolean | undefined.

What changes can be made to the function interface declarations to resolve this warning? You can also view the code on TS playground

Answer №1

When defining a variable <code>someFunc: SomeFunc
, it is expecting a function of type SomeFunc. Since you are assigning an anonymous function, ensure that the anonymous function has the correct type:

let someFunc: SomeFunc = function<T>(a: T, b?: boolean) {
  if (b === true) return Object.assign({}, a, someObj);
  else return a
}

Playground

It's not entirely clear how you are using this in your current code, but I would suggest declaring it differently.

Answer №2

To avoid duplicating the types specified in the original interface, my suggestion is to utilize the utility type Parameters.

let someFunc: SomeFunc = function(...[a,b]: Parameters<SomeFunc>) {
  if (b === true) return Object.assign({}, a, someObj);
  else return a
}

The crucial aspect here is

...[a,b]: Parameters<SomeFunc>
which indicates that the arguments a and b adhere to the type defined in the interface. It's important to note that within the function, a will always be of type unknown, as it is generically typed in SomeFunc.

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