Provide a TypeScript interface that dynamically adjusts according to the inputs of the function

Here is a TypeScript interface that I am working with:

interface MyInterface {
    property1?: string;
    property2?: string;
};

type InterfaceKey = keyof MyInterface;

The following code snippet demonstrates how an object is created based on the MyInterface interface. It includes a function named verifyObjectProperty which enables the user to provide an InterfaceKey ('property1' or 'property2') as the second parameter.

This function ensures that the object contains a string value for the specified key, preventing it from being undefined.

// - Create an object based on the interface
const myObject: MyInterface = {
    property1: 'a string',
}

const verifyObjectProperty = (
    objectToVerify: MyInterface,
    properyToVerify: InterfaceKey
): MyInterface => {
    // - Check if the object has the desired property
    if (objectToVerify[properyToVerify] === undefined) {
        objectToVerify[properyToVerify] = 'a new string';
    }

    // - Return the updated object
    return myObject;
};

The goal is to modify the verifyObjectProperty function so that it outputs a TypeScript interface indicating which strings are guaranteed to be present.

const verifiedObject = verifyObjectProperty(myObject, 'property1');
type property1 = typeof verifiedObject['property1']; // string
type property2 = typeof verifiedObject['property2']; // string | undefined

Answer №1

Utilize TypeScript's conditional types and mapped types. These functionalities enable the creation of new types by leveraging the properties of existing types.

Begin by defining a helper type that takes a property key and ensures that the corresponding value is always a string in the new type.

type EnsureString<T, K extends keyof T> = T & { [P in K]: string };

This type accepts two arguments: T, representing the original type (MyInterface), and K, denoting the key of the property to be validated as a string. It generates a modified type similar to T, but with the property K guaranteed to be a string.

Next, update verifyObjectProperty to incorporate this helper type.

const verifyObjectProperty = <K extends keyof MyInterface>(
   objectToVerify: MyInterface,
   propertyToVerify: K
): EnsureString<MyInterface, K> => {
   // - Ensure presence of the specified property in the object
   if (objectToVerify[propertyToVerify] === undefined) {
       objectToVerify[propertyToVerify] = 'a new string';
   }

   // - Return the object with the property type assertion
   return objectToVerify as EnsureString<MyInterface, K>;
};

Upon invoking verifyObjectProperty, the returned object will indicate a string value for the designated property.

const verifiedObject = verifyObjectProperty(myObject, 'property1');
type property1 = typeof verifiedObject['property1']; // string
type property2 = typeof verifiedObject['property2']; // string | undefined

Answer №2

In the given example, it is unclear where the myObject variable originates from, so I assumed it to be objectToVerify.

The TypeScript playground demonstrates that this code functions as intended:

interface MyInterface {
  p1?: string;
  p2?: string;
};

function ensureProperty<TProp extends keyof MyInterface>(x: MyInterface, p: TProp) {
  if (x[p] === undefined) {
    x[p] = 'a'
  }
  return x as Omit<MyInterface, TProp> & Record<TProp, string>;
}

var test = ensureProperty({}, 'p2');

This implementation utilizes Omit<> to eliminate the specified property temporarily, only to add it back during the object's return type casting.

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